If you are a true Russian, in your country house, in addition to various outbuildings, there must be a bathhouse. Much has already been said about its healing value for the body and soul. For lovers of a steam room who want to build such a structure from wooden elements on their site, our article is devoted. Content:
- Features of the frame-panel bath
- Bath project for summer cottages
- Foundation device
- Floor installation
- Frame erection
- Assembling the walls
- Ceiling and roof
- Bath decoration
The construction of baths from a bar or logs at the dacha is associated with a difficult technology and the experience of the performers. But there is nothing complicated in a similar construction of a frame-panel structure. It is lightweight, does not require a strong foundation and is assembled in a couple of weeks, like a construction set for children.
Features of a frame-panel bath in the country
In relation to other types of bath buildings, the shield structure has a number of advantages:
- Relatively low labor intensity and high installation speed;
- Economy of construction;
- Fast heating of the premises;
- No long-term shrinkage of the structure due to its low weight;
- A wide range of choice of materials for outdoor and indoor decoration.
Its disadvantages include the lack of solidity of the structure due to the specifics of its assembly, the need for enhanced thermal insulation of the bath structures and a relatively short period of its operation.
Choosing a bath project for a summer residence
When choosing a bathhouse project in the country, you must take into account the following factors:
- Room size … It depends on the number of visitors or family members who came to the procedures at the same time.
- Purpose of premises … A simple project can include only three rooms in the bath - a steam room, a washing room and a dressing room. If the future building has an extended purpose, then in addition, you can plan the device of an attic, pool, living room or rest room.
From the many typical projects of country baths that can be found on the Internet, choose the one that is most suitable for your conditions. The finished project will contain working drawings for the assembly of structures, commissioning of utilities and a bill of materials. On its basis, an estimate of construction costs is drawn up.
The device of the foundation for the country frame-panel board bath
The usual erection of a strip foundation for a building requires 1/3 of the total financial cost of construction and the same amount of time. Due to the fact that our construction will be light, the foundation can be made according to a simplified scheme, but a strip or pile structure would lead to an unreasonable rise in the cost of the entire construction. We will make the supporting part of the frame from "bald" car tires filled with gravel. After construction is completed, the tires should be protected from sunlight. This will prevent them from being destroyed.
Features of the construction of the foundation for a bath in the country:
- After breaking the perimeter of our bath, the vegetative layer of fertile soil is cut off from its inner part and carefully moved to the garden. As a result of this procedure, a mini-pit 3.5x5 m with a depth of 0.15 m should be obtained.
- Its bottom is compacted by rolling a heavy steel barrel over it. Then the entire area must be covered with fine crushed stone and also "rolled". As a result, we got a dense crushed stone pillow for the bathhouse in the country, which in the future will evenly distribute the entire load from the building.
- In those places where the tires will be installed, it is necessary to hammer in one peg at a time.
- Then the tires are stacked over the entire section so that the center of each of them coincides with the peg. The future foundation must be leveled horizontally. For this, a flat board with a length of 4 m and a building level are used.
- After aligning all tires, a gasket of any waterproofing material is placed inside each of them in order to avoid the spilling of crushed stone when working with tires. All tires are covered with crushed stone in layers, with each of them tamped.
- The filling should be stopped before reaching the edge of the inner rim of 5 cm. The crushed stone inside the tire is moistened, and its entire inner cavity is filled with Knauf cement mixture with the addition of filler. Thus, all lying tires must be filled to the very top at the same level.
- After polymerization of the concrete mixture, we get a durable layer in the rubber "formwork" that transfers the load to the crushed stone pad. The rubber of the tire beads serves as a compensator in case of periodic freezing and thawing of the soil.
As a result, when constructing such a foundation, we almost avoid earthwork and have a small consumption of materials: car tires d = 70 cm - 10 pcs., Crushed stone - 3 m3, KNAUF mix - 75 kg, roofing material - 1 roll.
The bar of the lower frame strapping is installed on the tire supports.
Installation of the floor of the frame-panel bathhouse in the country
The floor in the bath is double:
- The lower floor consists of two parts with 2% slopes facing each other. This design is designed to drain water from the bath. As a material, boards are used 20 mm thick, covered with roofing felt on top. It is attached to the base with a stapler. Lags are mounted on tires. A gap of 5 cm is left between the parts of the floor. To avoid sticking of roofing material, 3 metal tubes are placed in the gap. The floor gap serves as a kind of receiving tray for water, which, when it falls from the floor onto a layer of rubble, breaks down into drops and enters the ground.
- The upper floor is the main floor. It is crafted from a 50mm board that has been treated with an antiseptic. Floor slope - 1%. The logs are installed in increments of 1 m, and the boards are attached to them with screws, the heads of which must be sunk.
It is recommended to leave small gaps in the floor. This will help the boards dry better and provide fresh air for burning the wood in the stove. When using a bath, a special grate is laid on its floor.
Construction of a frame for a summer cottage
The frame is the basis for the construction of a bath in the country. It consists of upper and lower straps, uprights and crossbars. The preparation of its elements with the appropriate dimensions is carried out before installation. During assembly, they are connected with metal corners, screws and with the help of supports.
A beam with a section of 100x100 mm is used for the lower strapping. The connection of its elements is done by cutting "in a quarter". Lag screws secure all joints. It is not necessary to fasten the lower harness to the foundation made of tires, but an insulating gasket between them is required. It is made of two layers of roofing material. The entire strapping bar is treated with an antiseptic.
For the frame racks, a board with a section of 100x50 mm is used. It is inserted into metal supports, which are pre-fastened with screws to the lower frame strapping. The screw heads must be turnkey. Installation of frame racks starts from the corner. The corner post, after its installation along the plumb line and level, is fixed with braces. After this procedure, the second corner post is installed in the same way. Both posts are connected by one board, which serves as a guide for the installation of intermediate vertical elements. Corner posts are recommended to be made of two boards. This will increase the strength of the frame and create convenience for its subsequent finishing.
Intermediate racks, after checking their verticality, are connected by crossbeams in their upper and middle parts. Since the size of the heater slabs for the bath is 100x60 cm, the racks must be installed in 65 cm increments. The upper crossbar is installed at a distance of a meter from the middle element. This method of mounting the frame will ensure a tight installation of the insulation without trimming.
The window can be installed on two crossbeams fixed to the racks. Installation of racks at the entrance to the bath is carried out taking into account the size of the door frame.
The upper strapping is made of 100x50 mm boards after checking the wall diagonals. Corner joints are made by trimming the strapping boards at 45 degrees. Their immobility is ensured by the lining of the L-shaped plates. The harness is fastened to the upper rungs with screws. The purpose of the upper harness is to distribute the load from the roof and ceiling of the bath between the frame posts.
Installation of ceiling beams completes its construction. They are necessary for the assembly of the roof and ceiling device. The beams are made of 100x50 mm boards, installed on the edge, and are fixed above the posts with metal corners. A 50x50 mm bar is added to the end of each beam to fix the cladding from the lining to the ceiling. Without a ceiling and walls, the finished frame may not seem rigid enough, but that's okay. The upholstery of its walls and ceiling with boards will give the whole structure multiple connections, the panel bath in the country will become massive and durable.
Assembly of walls for a bath in the country using frame technology
After installing the frame, you can assemble the walls. Its internal space is filled with heat-insulating plates. For this purpose, it is better to take products made of stone wool, such as ROCKWOOL, which are easy to cut with a knife, are convenient to install, do not absorb moisture and do not burn. Unlike glass wool, such plates can be worked without gloves and a respirator.
The procedure for creating walls for a frame bath looks like this:
- To protect the walls from blowing out, the outer side of the slabs is covered with an IZOSPAN windproof membrane. Effective PENOFOL A insulation can be installed on the inner side of the insulation to protect it from moisture and reduce heat losses. It is made of foamed polyethylene and covered with aluminum foil on one side.
- The IZOSPAN membrane is stretched and fixed to the racks with a stapler. Their height is greater than the width of the insulation sheet. Therefore, first, the lower membrane is fixed, and then the upper one overlaps. It is necessary so that drops of moisture do not fall into the skin when draining.
- To fully protect the walls of the bath from wind and moisture, it is necessary to exclude contact of the membrane with the outer boards of the wall and insulation. Therefore, along the height of each rack, a narrow lining is stuffed onto the insulation, and then the outer wall cladding with boards of 20 mm is made. The boards are fastened to the racks with nails.
At this stage, the assembly of the walls can be suspended due to the correct manufacture of the abutments and the installation of the ceiling can be performed. It will be discussed in the next section of the article. The finished ceiling should be covered with cellophane from the outside and return to the installation of the walls.
Further work is carried out inside the bath:
- Do-it-yourself construction of a bathhouse in the country includes high-quality internal insulation of the frame. The heat-insulating material is placed in its prepared cells. The PENOFOL membrane is fixed on racks, facing with foil into the bath room. Insulation joints are sealed with adhesive foil tape. An air gap is required to reflect heat into the room on the metal side of the insulation. It is provided in the same way as when installing the IZOSPAN membrane.
- After installing the insulation, you can sheathe the walls with clapboard. It is fixed with self-tapping screws at the ends and finishing nails in other areas. The lining can be positioned horizontally. This will visually lengthen the room and reduce waste when filling it.
- The partition between the dressing room and the steam room is not difficult to make. To do this, a bar with a section of 50x50 mm is attached to the floor, walls and ceiling along the contour of the room. From the side of the steam room, a wall made of OSB slabs, cut to the appropriate dimensions, is attached to it. Two bars are fixed horizontally on it to support the insulation and one vertically, covering the end, designed to adjoin the door frame of the entrance to the steam room. Then the insulation is placed in the partition, and its side facing the dressing room is sheathed with clapboard. After that, a door can be installed in it.
- There is a good solution to protect the partition and walls from the heat of the stove. These structures are supplied with channels for plasterboard installation, which are mounted vertically from ceiling to floor. Two sheets of galvanized metal are fixed to the channels using self-tapping screws, leaving a 7 cm gap at the bottom and top. The distance from the wall to the sheet is 45 mm. The sharp edges of the channel, resting on the wall, will not be able to heat it during the operation of the steam room. As a result of this process, we get a corner from the metal as a heat-reflecting screen. Air convection occurs between the heated sheets and walls. Hot air rushes to the ceiling, and from below is replaced by cold air.
Construction of a ceiling and roof for a frame-panel bath
The passage of the chimney through the ceiling can be done in this way. A square hole is cut in a heat-resistant panel or metal sheet, in which the metal box for the chimney is fixed. The height of the box must be greater than the height of the floor. When installing the pipe, the space of the passage is filled with basalt fiber. The chimney passage arranged in this way is fire safe, since there is no contact between the chimney and the wooden roof structure.
Along the rest of the ceiling surface, foil insulation is fixed on the floor beams, on top of which a wooden paneling from the lining is installed. The upper space between the ceiling beams is filled with insulation, covered with a waterproofing membrane and covered with 20 mm boards, fastened with nails to the ceiling joists.
The device of the roof of the frame-panel bath is practically no different from the installation of a similar construction of a residential building. It includes: the assembly of the Mauerlat and the rafter system, the installation of the sheathing and the laying of the roofing material. Considering that our foundation is not massive, the roof of the bath should not be heavy. Therefore, instead of roofing tiles, you can choose roofing iron or roll materials.
Finishing a country frame-panel bath
Interior finishing does not take much time. The window is installed ready-made with double glazing. It must first be treated with an antiseptic. The entrance door can be installed inexpensive metal - made in China. It will be completely ready for use and will not require painting, fitting locks, etc.
In the bathhouse, external electrical wiring is carried out. In the steam room, the cable is hidden in a metal sleeve. All sockets and switches are best located in the dressing room - it is safe.
For exterior wall decoration, you can use profiled metal flooring. The bathhouse will look modern, and its casing will not require special care - wipe it off dust, that's enough.
How to build a bathhouse in the country - watch the video:
That's all simple science! Now you know how to build a bathhouse in the country, and you can safely start implementing your project. Good luck and light steam!
