Description of arizema, how to grow a one-cover in the open ground and rooms, recommendations for reproduction, possible diseases and pests of the lily-cobra, facts to note, species. Arizema (Arisaema) is often found under the name Odoprovnitsa and is part of the Aroid family (Araceae). This genus includes up to 150 varieties, which are mainly distributed in those zones of the Old World (lands of Europe, Asia and Africa), where tropical and subtropical climates prevail. And only 5-6 names of such plants, settled in the regions of the New World (this term is called America), which includes the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, washing the North American continent. Prefers to grow in mixed and deciduous forests.
| Family name | Aroid |
| Life cycle | Perennial |
| Growth features | Herbaceous |
| Reproduction | Seed and vegetative (depositing children formed on a tuber or dividing a tuber) |
| Landing period in open ground | Seedlings are planted in the middle of summer, tubers or children - in the fall |
| Disembarkation scheme | At a distance of 15 cm from each other |
| Substrate | Sandy or loamy |
| Illumination | Penumbra |
| Moisture indicators | Stagnation of moisture is harmful, watering is moderate, the need for drainage |
| Special Requirements | Unpretentious |
| Plant height | 0, 8–0, 9 m, occasionally up to 1, 7 m |
| Color of flowers | Light or dark |
| Type of flowers, inflorescences | Ear |
| Flowering time | Spring and first half of summer |
| Decorative time | Spring-summer |
| Place of application | Rock garden, rockery, the banks of reservoirs, as a pot culture |
| USDA zone | 4, 5, 6 |
This unusual representative flora has its scientific name due to the fusion of two words in Greek "aris" (which turned out to be a diminutive of "arum" or "aron", indicating arum) and "zema" translated as a trait, a sign, a similarity. All this indicated that Arisaema resembles in appearance a similar plant from the same family. But in the lands of England it is customary to call it because of the unusual structure of the inflorescence "Cobra-Lilies". Although this terminology is understandably conditional, since the exotic has nothing to do with lilies. Another name is one-cover or "Jack on the pulpit", which are also given due to the outlines of the inflorescence, since to some it resembled the mantle of a Catholic monk.
Arizemas are evergreen herbaceous perennials with a pronounced rest period. Their height is 80–90 cm, but there are species approaching the 170 cm mark. The stem is underground, has a tuberous end (with a diameter of 6 cm), and occasionally it is located horizontally. The rhizome has excellent branching of the thickened outlines.
Usually one leaf plate appears, but their number sometimes reaches 4. The shape of the leaves is pinnately dissected, finger-dissected, but in some cases simple oval leaves appear. The outlines of foliage can change over time. If the shape of the leaf plate is complex, then this is facilitated by the leaves that grow sessile or have petioles. There are 11-13 of them. The contours of the leaf lobes are diamond-shaped, elliptical or oval-lanceolate. The sizes, both of a whole leaf and individual leaves, vary greatly, sometimes they are very large. The edge of the leaf is simple, serrated or serrated. A complex pattern is formed from leaf veins on the surface of the foliage. The length of the leaf is 8–15 cm with a width of about 3–7 cm. Foliage color can range from pale green to greenish red or greenish brown.
Flowering is a distinctive feature of Arizem, it occurs in the spring and first half of summer. In this case, the formation of a single inflorescence occurs together with the leaves or a little earlier. Its length is 8 cm. This inflorescence has the shape of an ear, crowning a straight peduncle, which, when the fruit ripens, begins to bend. Its length can be either shorter or longer than leaf petioles. The inflorescence with its outlines resembles a flower, which has an expansion in the upper part. The color of the small flowers included in the inflorescence depends on the variety, but it is usually light or dark.
Much attention is drawn to the leaf-cover of the inflorescence, which can be falling off, with a slight compression between the plate and the tube, or without it. The straight tube has the shape of a cylinder, its surface is decorated with longitudinal stripes, the mouth with a curl along the edge, which is often quite strong. The shape of the plate also varies, it is found both its straight outline and widened, often with a bend inward. There is always a sharp point at the apex, and quite strong, in such a way that it forms a long hanging threadlike tip. In its shape, the inflorescence resembles a cobra that has risen on its tail in a fighting stance.
Due to the light stripes with which the bedspread is decorated, the plant lures insects inside the inflorescence, working in the cobra lily as an optical trap. Insects cannot find a way out and crawl inside, performing pollination of flowers. The smell in Arizem is weak, but it is enough to attract pollinators.
During fruiting, berries ripen with obovate or obovate outlines. Inside the berry, there are several seeds, which have a shiny surface of red, sometimes yellowish color. The seed takes the shape of an ovoid or spherical.
Growing a single-cover: planting and care in the open field and indoors
- Choosing a location in the garden and rooms. Since in nature the plant settles in the shade of trees, a place should be selected on the garden plot where the intensity of direct sunlight will be reduced due to the openwork foliage of the trees and high humidity. Therefore, it is recommended to plant a cobra lily in a shady place, where there will be no bright lighting in the summer afternoon - northern or eastern location. Because most species are native to highlands or plains on the sea coasts, where the temperature is not too high, So Arisaema jacquemontii grows in areas with heat indicators in the summer noon hours do not rise above 2 degrees. When grown in rooms, a pot with a single-cover is placed on the windowsill of the north, east or west window. In the southern direction, you will have to arrange shading or just put arysema at a distance of 2-3 meters from the window.
- Temperature when caring for a cobra lily the rooms should not be high. Even in summer, in the heat, it is necessary that it be in the range of 18-24 degrees. To do this, you will have to carry out regular ventilation of the room, but make sure that there are no drafts.
- Air humidity when growing Arisaema indoors, although it is not an important factor, it is desirable to keep it within 60–80%. If there is a heat in the summer months, then spraying the foliage using a fine spray gun.
- Watering. Since this exotic representative of the flora prefers to grow in nature on moist soils, then when cultivating it in the garden, you will have to regularly water it. This is especially true in the summer, if there is no rainfall for a long time. When growing arizema in a pot, with the arrival of autumn, moisture is gradually reduced, bringing them to moderate. The tubers should dry out a little and prepare for dormancy. However, it should be remembered that the cobra lily suffers from stagnation of moisture at the roots and if this aspect is not taken into account, then the corm will rot over time.
- Fertilizers for Arisaema when grown in open ground, it is recommended to apply it twice a month during the period of activation of vegetation processes, which occurs from mid-spring to August. Complex mineral preparations for flowering plants are used. If the cobra lily grows in a pot, then a soil is used from a mixture of leaf humus, peat and river sand. Top dressing with prolonged action is also mixed there, 20-30 grams are applied per one bucket of soil. Usually, such a preparation should contain a large amount of substances necessary for growth and flowering.
- Soil selection. Any soil is suitable for arizema, but the plant will be most comfortable in a loose fertile substrate with good drainage properties. These can be sandy earth mixtures or loams. Acidity does not matter in this case. It is important that the soil contains a large amount of organic matter (for example, rotting foliage) and is moist.
- Transfer. Since the cobra lily can grow in one place for a long time, it is required to immediately correctly determine its location and not disturb the bushes in the future. But if you want to change the place of the plant, then this operation is performed before the first shoots appear. It is recommended to place the tubers in the open field at a distance of 15 cm from each other, so the "Jack in the Hood" growing, will not thicken the planting. The depth can be the same as the gap between the seedlings. Occasionally, hydroponic material is used to grow arizema. When planting tall species in an open area, the stem should be strengthened in the soil so that it does not sway in the future.
- Cobra lily wintering. When growing exotic plants in open ground, it is important to remember that there are species that tolerate frost and heat-loving specimens. If Arisaema is cold-resistant, then it is not afraid of frost at 30 degrees. But in either case, she needs shelter, using fallen leaves or spruce branches. Heat-loving plants are grown in garden pots and as soon as the warm days pass, they are brought into the room to “winter”. You can play it safe and extract the tubers from the soil in November, and keep them laid in peat or moss until spring, at a temperature of about 5-6 degrees. This can be the basement or the bottom shelf of the refrigerator.
Recommendations for breeding arizema
You can get a new cobra lily by sowing seeds or vegetatively.
When grown from seed, it is recommended to sow them in late summer. If you break this rule, then the germination rate will noticeably decrease. To speed up the germination process, the seeds must be freed from the juicy pulp. They are removed from the berry, placed in a colander and washed under running water. The cleaned seeds are dried and after that a two-month stratification is carried out. After this period, the seeds are sown in a peat-sand mixture poured into seedling boxes. Sprout the seeds of a cobra lily at a temperature of 20-25 degrees, constantly monitoring so that the soil does not dry out. Usually the first shoots will appear on spring days. When they grow up, a pick is carried out in separate pots made of peat. After that, the seedlings are not disturbed before being transplanted into the open ground.
In the middle of the summer season, you can plant young, grown arizems in open ground. At the same time, the planting depth should not exceed 3-5 cm. While the plants are being taken care of, it is important to monitor the condition of the soil, if it is allowed to dry out, otherwise the one-coverts will grow underdeveloped, and after going into a state of dormancy, they may even die. Flowering of such seedlings can be expected only after 4–5 years.
If you decide to save the seeds for subsequent planting, then it is recommended to wrap them in well-moistened (but not wet) moss, put them in a plastic bag and keep them on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator. Often, self-seeding propagation is possible in the garden cultivation of Arisaema.
The plant can be propagated vegetatively both by dividing the tubers and with the help of children. All such operations are best carried out in the autumn, when the growing season has already been completed. The bush is removed from the soil, its residues are carefully removed and the tubers are allowed to dry out. Then they are planted in open ground at a distance of about 15 cm from each other. It is recommended to bury the tubers well, so that there is a layer of 5-10 cm of soil above them.
Possible diseases and pests of arizema
If Arisaema is grown in the open field, then if the summer is too rainy with low temperatures, rotting of the base of the stem or the bed of the tuber can occur, such weather can provoke Fusarium disease. Treatment with fungicidal preparations is recommended.
Another problem is leaf rust, which further covers the entire leaf plate and contributes to its yellowing. In this case, it is necessary to perform processing with dithiocarbamates. But experienced flower growers insist that the affected plant be dug up and destroyed, healthy bushes must be transplanted.
Facts to note and photos of Arizem
Varieties of Arozema Japanese and Amur in Chinese and Korean medicine are used to combat malignant skin formations. The latter species still has the property of irritating the skin and mucous membranes, so the use of this plant should be very careful. Tubers and above-soil parts of the grass are mainly used. If the inhabitants of the island of Hokaido have stomach pains, local folk healers have long used the seeds of the Peninsular Arizem (Japanese). Also, parts of arizema three-leafed (three-leafed) by homeopaths are recommended to be used in the treatment of diseases affecting the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx and oral cavity. Preparations based on it are used by singers if their voices begin to wheeze.
Where the cobra lily grows in nature, it is customary for the local population to use the tuberous shoots for food. For example, the grated tubers of the three-leafed arizema and its berries boiled by the Indians of the North American lands were used to prepare game dishes. In everyday cooking, women of these peoples used the tubers of the sinuous Arizem variety.
Well, in their "shamanic" business, the Indians used the types of Griffiti aryzema and useful, since they contain a large amount of psychotropic substances.
Description of the species of arizem
- Arisema amur (Arisaema amurense) has a petiole with 1-2 leaves. A sheet-cover of a greenish-brown color, which is covered with streaks of white and yellowish shades. The flowers are creamy on the cob. Flowering - May-June. The fruits are orange or pinkish berries. Despite the unpretentiousness, in winter it is recommended to shelter from foliage or compost.
- Japanese arizema (Arisaema serratum var. Serratum) also called the Peninsular Arizem. Moisture-loving species, it grows in the forest. The peduncle is 1m, covered with dark spots and stripes scattered over the gray field. Flowering is inconspicuous from the beginning of summer, the fruits ripen in August.
- Three-leafed arizema (Arisaema triphyllum). The leaf plate consists of three lobes, but occasionally there are 4–5 pieces. Plant height ranges from 30–90 cm.
- Arisaema griffithi is a dioecious plant. The female inflorescence has a veil of violet color with an openwork pattern of light spots and stripes. Its top has the shape of an elongated tail. A velvety ear, colored in chocolate color.
- Arisema graceful (Arisaema concinnum) is a rather rare species found in nature in China. Leaves are complexly dissected, composed of 7–13 leaf lobes with a wavy edge. The petioles of the foliage are elongated, their surface has a purple tone. The cover of the cob can take on a dark color, up to black.
