Internal water supply system, design features of highways in a private house and apartment. Requirements for pipe laying, ways of wiring the system. Internal water supply price.
Internal water supply is a network of pipelines in an apartment or house that supplies water to consumption points. The design can have a wide variety of shapes, but the basic elements are the same. We will talk about the device of internal water supply systems in this article.
Internal water supply device
Internal plumbing scheme in the apartment
The internal water supply is designed to distribute water between consumers in the building. It is a multi-branch network from the central highway to points of consumption - taps, mixers, household products, etc.
The device of the internal water supply and sewerage system depends on the purpose of the building. The schemes of highways in a country house, a mansion and an apartment are significantly different. This is due to the peculiarities of the operation of buildings: summer cottages are operated periodically, often water comes from wells or wells, people live in apartments and private houses all year round, water must be supplied to the floors and basements all the time, therefore the design is much more complicated.
Water is taken to the apartment from the city system. The internal network consists of wiring (horizontal sections), with the help of which the liquid is supplied to the taps, risers for supplying the floors (vertical sections) and highways through which it enters the riser.
In the photo, pipes for internal water supply
For internal water supply, the following types of pipes are used:
- Copper … Ideal for water structures. They do not rust, do not crumble under the sun's rays, have a long service life and have other important advantages. However, they have a significant drawback - they are very expensive. Copper products can also corrode if aluminum or galvanized steel faucets are connected to them. If there are copper and steel elements in the line, place them in a certain sequence: fasten the steel elements in front of the copper ones in the direction of the water flow. The requirement does not apply to brass products.
- Reinforced plastic … They are made of aluminum, protected with plastic on both sides. On the inside, the surface is very smooth and does not trap debris, so the pipes do not get clogged. The product is reliably protected by plastic from ultraviolet radiation and condensation. However, such pipes cannot be heated to 95 degrees, at which they deform. They can burst if bent at a large angle.
- Steel … Always appreciated for their reliability. They have a significant drawback - they are prone to corrosion. Pipes are inconvenient to mount - for joining, you have to cut threads in all workpieces. The service life of the product depends on the composition of the water. A large number of calcium and magnesium ions settle on a rough surface and reduce its flow area.
- Polypropylene … The most popular option for the construction of an internal water supply system. They are durable, do not oxidize, are easy to assemble, they can be hidden in grooves. Such products have one drawback: individual parts are connected to each other by welding, which is carried out with a special soldering iron. Polypropylene pipes are available in a wide range for use in various conditions, so choose the product that is right for you. This way you can save money on material.
Other elements of the internal water supply:
- Knee … Used when the track direction changes by 45-90 degrees. Smooth bend reduces the likelihood of product clogging. Needed for connecting pipes with extensions and rubber seals.
- Elbows and tees … They are used to connect products of the same diameter.
- Couplings … Required for joining pipes of different diameters.
Photo of a coarse water filter
Also, the scheme of the internal water supply of apartments includes a number of devices that ensure the normal functioning of the system:
- Inlet shut-off valves … Installed at the entrance to the apartment, usually a ball valve.
- Coarse and fine filters … The sump has a built-in mesh with cells of 100-300 microns. It should be rinsed periodically. Fine filters are sold with cartridges that retain impurities of 5-20 microns. They are disposable and are replaced after contamination.
- Regulating devices … Maintain the pressure in the system at 3-4 bar. They are necessary to protect household devices from a pressure surge in the system, which can reach 10-12 bar.
- Non-return valve … Placed in front of boilers and in a plumbing cabinet.
- Emergency devices … These include special devices that shut off the flow when there is a sharp increase in water consumption during leaks.
- Pressure gauges … They allow you to control the pressure in the system. They are often placed on the branches of a cold and hot track.
In the photo there is a hydraulic accumulator for internal water supply
In rural areas, there are often cases when there is no centralized water supply to houses and a well becomes the only source of liquid. In this case, in the composition of the internal water supply, in addition to standard elements, there are nodes that are not in the highways of multi-storey apartments:
- Pumping station … With its help, water is pumped out of the well and supplied to the building. It can be placed in the house or in a caisson above the well, which allows it to be used in winter. The device is equipped with a sensor that protects the pump from running without load.
- Hydroaccumulator … A device in the form of a tank, where water is poured with a pump, and then distributed throughout the room. It allows you to operate the system without frequent switching on the pump. The way of water supply depends on its location - top or bottom. In the first case, the drive is mounted at the top of the building. If a hydrophore is involved in the system, the water supply is lower, because it is usually installed in the basement. The accumulator has cavities divided into two parts - for water and air under pressure. When the tap opens, the air squeezes out the liquid, which flows to its destination without turning on the pump. After the pressure drops, the pumping station starts automatically and the water supply is replenished. Instead of a hydraulic accumulator, a large tank is often placed in the attic. However, it is not able to create high pressure in the line, therefore the washing machine and some other devices do not work.
- Tee with tap … It is mounted after the drive in order to obtain two streams - for use in the house and on the site.
- Water purification and water treatment devices … They are necessary to neutralize harmful impurities that may be present in the underground source. To choose the right device, do a water analysis in the laboratory, and then, based on the results, select filter systems. After the filters, a tee is placed to supply liquid to the cold and hot branch.
- Water heater … Cold water is supplied to the collector and then to the points of consumption. The hot system pipe is connected to a water heater, from which the flow diverges throughout the house. A shut-off valve, a drain valve, a safety valve, an expansion tank and a ball drain valve are installed in front of the unit. After the boiler, a ball valve is installed and collectors are assembled to direct the flow to users.
- Armature … The system should be provided with valves that allow water to be drained from the system for repair. Valves are always installed on the riser (drain) and on separate branches (shut-off). They are also mounted in places where the temperature can drop below zero degrees.
There may be other devices in the system to improve its functioning.
Basic requirements for the internal water supply
Photo of the internal water supply
Structural elements are placed taking into account the purpose of the building, its design, the location of plumbing fixtures, the rules for laying, assembly, piping and other conditions. Below are recommendations for the installation of the system, based on the SNiP of the internal water supply system.
Requirements for the internal water supply system and its individual elements can be formed as follows:
- Fasten the pipes with a gap of 20-25 mm from the wall for ease of repair.
- Install drain taps with a slight slope towards the drain.
- Go around the outer corners with a gap of 15 mm, the inner corners - 30-40 mm.
- Fix the line to the wall with clamps or clips. They must be installed at the turn of the product. Smooth sections are fastened in increments of 1, 5-2 m.
- Use special fittings and tees to rotate plastic pipes 45-90 degrees.
- It is recommended to reduce the number of turns of the highway to a minimum, because they reduce the pressure in the system.
- Place the uprights at the same horizontal distance from the cranes. They are usually installed in grooves or in an inconspicuous place in the corners of the room. One-story houses do without them.
- Always place the hot line above the cold one.
- Leave a gap of at least 50 cm between the gas and water pipes (at least 5 cm when crossing). The gap between the cable and the water supply is at least 15 cm.
- Pipes may be placed under plaster in grooves.
- When passing through a wall, install the product in a special sleeve. Its length should exceed the thickness of the partition by 2 cm. Joints should not be placed in this place. Fill the gap between the pipe and the coupling with an elastic material.
- Keep the hot water pipes between the boiler and the mixer to a minimum.
- The water must meet the requirements for drinking water. Therefore, all elements of the system must be tested by the sanitary and hygienic service for the absence of toxic impurities. Pipes, fittings, taps, mixers, etc. are subject to control.
- In the internal water supply, the pressure does not exceed 0.6 MPa, therefore all elements of the system must withstand such a load. In some areas, the pressure may be higher (for example, in front of hydrophore or filter systems).
Recommendations for the selection of pipes for internal water supply are given in the table below:
| Pipe diameter, mm | Application | Pipeline length, m | Water consumption, l / min. |
| 15 | Washbasin, sink, bidet connection | Less than 10 m | 15 |
| 20 | Stand, shower, toilet, bidet | Less than 10 m | 20 |
| 25 | Stand, shower, toilet, bidet | Less than 30 m | 30 |
| 32 | Riser | More than 30 m | 50 |
The diameter of the internal water supply pipe affects some of the characteristics of the system:
- Turbulence … If the flow area is too small, the water moves noisily, and lime deposits can appear on the walls. The optimum flow velocity in the pipe is 2 m / s.
- Water consumption … To correctly determine the diameter of the pipe for your plumbing, measure the water flow in the apartment. To do this, add up the volume of fluid flowing out together through all plumbing fixtures. The calculation of the internal water supply must be carried out if there are many tenants in the house. It should be borne in mind that each resident uses 30-60 liters of water per day. If you have a shower and a bath, increase this value by 3 times.
- Pipe wall thickness … The recommended temperature of cold water in the main line is up to +20 degrees. At this temperature, the activity of the process of scale formation and metal corrosion is minimal. Therefore, products with thin walls can be used to create a cold water track.
Features of the installation of an internal water supply system
The movement of water from the riser to the places of use is carried out by means of piping. There are three types of wiring: collector, tee and with through sockets. The first two are used in the internal water supply systems of buildings. The rosette method is used in outdoor systems to organize irrigation of a site or to create a local highway.
Collector wiring of the internal water supply
In the photo, the collector wiring of the internal water supply
It is used in large apartments in which there is one riser, and the water intake points are at a great distance from it. It provides maximum fluid flow for each valve. The consumption points are connected to separate branches that extend to the manifold plumbing unit.
Due to the fact that water flows along a branch to only one tap, without branching to other places, the pressure in all taps will be the same. In such a scheme, there is an audit unit, which houses the control valves and automation.
Internal water supply collector wiring diagram
The disadvantages of collector wiring include a large amount of material for its arrangement. It occupies a significant area, and it is not always possible to place it in an inconspicuous place.
It is recommended to create a similar scheme at the construction stage or during capital repairs. In this case, the pipes can be hidden in the floor or embedded in the wall.
Tee wiring of the internal water supply
In the photo, the tee wiring of the internal water supply
It is popular due to its simple scheme: it consists of only two branches - cold and hot. A small number of pipes are required to assemble them. Along the entire route, tees are cut into them for supplying water to places of consumption, i.e. connection occurs sequentially. The tee wiring can be installed or repaired at any stage of the house's operation without disturbing the decoration of the room.
Internal water supply tee wiring diagram
The disadvantages of this scheme include the uneven flow of water in different places of consumption. The greatest head will be in the taps close to the riser. With the simultaneous opening of all taps at the point farthest from the riser, the flow rate will be minimal.
Partially the problem can be solved by using pipes of different diameters and looping the line towards itself. The diameter is selected taking into account various factors - the length of the branch, the maximum flow rate at various points of consumption, etc. If you do not perform the appropriate calculations, you can get the opposite effect.
Internal water supply price
Installation of a water supply system is a complex process, and without certain skills you cannot cope with it. If you are not confident in your abilities, invite a professional team.
To determine how much you will have to pay for the arrangement of the structure, draw up an estimate documentation. It should include the cost of all stages of construction work: the development of an internal water supply scheme, the purchase of consumables and their transportation, the installation of the pipeline, plumbing fixtures and household products, checking the functioning of the system, disinfection of the network.
The price of installation of internal water supply systems by specialists is influenced by:
- The dimensions of the room and the length of the highway, as well as the complexity of the wiring;
- Types of pipes, on which the methods of their connection to each other depend;
- Number of storeys of the house and its design features;
- The method of routing and installation of the route in the room: the cost of laying pipes in a closed way includes chipping openings in the walls;
- The complexity of installation work (at a height or in confined spaces);
- The number of points for connecting to plumbing fixtures;
- In some cases, you have to pay for painting (for example, when installing steel pipes).
Internal water supply price in Russia:
| Job title | Price |
| Installation of a water heater with a connection | from 4000 rub. |
| Inserting a branch into the mainline | from 1000 rubles. |
| Installation and piping of hydrophore | from 3500 rub. |
| Osmosis filter installation | from 800 rubles |
| Installing a water meter | from 900 rubles |
| Butterfly valve installation | from 800 rubles / piece |
| Connecting the riser to the mains in the basement | from 1500 rub. |
| Track installation (basement) | from 200 rubles / r.m |
| Installation of a point (water + sewerage) up to 3 m without a groove | from 1000 rubles. |
| Installation of a point (water + sewerage) up to 3 m with a groove | from 1200 rubles. |
| Installation point (water + sewerage) more than 3 m | from 900 rubles |
| Stroba | 120-320 rubles / r.m |
| Installation of a pipe with a diameter of 20-50 mm | RUB 75-130 / r.m |
| Installation of plumbing risers | from 1200 rubles / piece |
| Threading | RUB 160-420 |
Internal water supply price in Ukraine:
| Job title | Price |
| Installation of a water heater with a connection | from 900 UAH |
| Inserting a branch into the mainline | from UAH 500 |
| Installation and piping of hydrophore | from UAH 1000 |
| Osmosis filter installation | from UAH 400 |
| Installing a water meter | from UAH 400 |
| Butterfly valve installation | from 350 UAH / piece |
| Connecting the riser to the mains in the basement | from UAH 500 |
| Track installation (basement) | from 50 UAH / r.m |
| Installation of a point (water + sewerage) up to 3 m without a groove | from UAH 500 |
| Installation of a point (water + sewerage) up to 3 m with a groove | from 600 UAH |
| Installation point (water + sewerage) more than 3 m | from 450 UAH |
| Stroba | 50-100 UAH / r.m |
| Installation of a pipe with a diameter of 20-50 mm | 25-60 UAH / r.m |
| Installation of plumbing risers | from 300 UAH / piece |
| Threading | 70-200 UAH |
How to make an internal water supply - watch the video:
The laying of an internal water supply system is considered an important stage in the installation of communications in a house or apartment. This work is not particularly difficult, but does not tolerate negligence and negligence. Adhering to our recommendations, you can independently carry out the installation of an internal water supply system, which will serve you without repair for many years.
