Description of plant traits, interesting facts, species, conditions for growing yarrows, advice on reproduction. Yarutka (Thlaspi) is part of the genus of the Cabbage family (Brassicaceae). The homeland of these plants is considered to be the zones located in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere of the planet and also on the lands of South America. On the territory of Russia, the jar is found in the European part, in the regions of Western and Eastern Siberia, in the lands of Central Asia and the Far East, in the Caucasus. It is interesting that, as a weed, a plant can settle on uncultivated field lands, as well as along roadside ditches and slopes, in meadows, in vegetable gardens, orchards and personal plots.
Representatives of this genus are perennial or annual herbaceous plants. The root looks like a main shaft with small root processes. The stem is usually glabrous, colored with bluish-green tints, sometimes it can be branched. In height, it is measured from 10 cm to half a meter.
The lower leaves have petioles, the edge is simple solid or serrated, from which a basal rosette is assembled. The same leaves that are located on the stems are of a semi-stem-embracing type with an arrow-like, oval, elongated-elliptical shape.
Sepals are spaced from the corolla. The petals of the flowers are in the form of marigolds, with solid edges, whitish or with a slight pinkish tint. The stamens are located freely, do not have denticles, the ovary is sessile. Flower petals are usually white, but tinted with purple.
The fruits ripen in the form of pods, with an oval, rounded, back elliptical, back heart-shaped, or triangular shape. The leaves of the fruit have the shape of a rook, and are almost always equipped with lionfish. The nests are double-seeded. The surface of the seed has grooves, but it is smooth or dotted.
Interesting facts about yarut
Basically, of all the varieties of the jar, only the field jar differs in its properties suitable for humans. This herb emits a specific aroma, like mustard. It is often confused with a shepherd's bag when collecting herbs.
This plant has found great application in folk medicine and can be used for skin problems and wounds. Since ancient times, juice has been treated for difficult-to-heal wounds or purulent processes. You can use it to reduce warts.
Often, infusions are used for bronchitis and colds. It can act as a diuretic and antiscorbutic. Yarutka seeds are usually prescribed for a variety of diseases, including diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, myocardium, bowel problems or constipation. It is a good stimulant and tonic.
However, it contains mustard glycosides in its composition, and if its tinctures are abused, the work of the intestines or respiratory organs can be disrupted. You can not use it for people with low blood pressure or for pregnant women, as it has abortive properties.
Since the aroma is often compared to mustard, the field yarok has found application in cooking. Its smell stimulates the appetite. Young greens are used by the people instead of spices, which can be added to first courses and various sauces. Young leaves are salted, frozen, dried and ground into powder.
Interestingly, in ancient times, a dried or fresh stalk of this plant was carried with him by everyone who wanted to get rich, and therefore they called the yarutka - "cash" or "penny".
Description of the types of yarts
- Field yarrow (Thlaspi arvense). Annual, all territories of Europe and the Middle East (but not on the Arabian Peninsula), as well as the countries of Central Asia, are recognized as habitats in the natural environment. In Russia, it can be found in the lands of the Far East or Western Siberia. Likes to settle on dry soils of meadows, fallow lands or wastelands, dumps, along roadsides, where the sun is hot. However, as a weed, it successfully infests winter and spring crops. It is popularly called by the people: monetary, penny, toad grass, vertebra, verednik, klopnik, bug, broom, splinter or hair. Reaches a height of 10-50 cm. Stems are simple or branched. The leaf plates below are oval or oblong in shape, attached to the petioles, the upper ones are sessile and with arrow outlines. The length of 4 sepals reaches 2–2, 5 mm. There are the same number of petals, their color is white, oblong, measuring 3-5 mm in length. There are 6 stamens, the only pistil. The flowering process stretches from spring days to autumn and gives several generations. Fruiting - pod, with a rounded or rounded-elliptical shape. The length is 12-18 mm and the width is 11-16 mm. The seeds are brown and have grooves. Measured 1, 75-2, 5 mm in length, width 1, 25-1, 75 mm. One plant can grow up to 10,000 seeds. The plant is just a storehouse of ascorbic acid. Also, young leaves contain up to 20% of crude protein, 25% of fiber and almost 40% of extractive substances, devoid of nitrogen. The oil obtained from seeds (and there are up to 30% of it in them) is used in technology. This variety of yarutka has a strong smell of garlic due to the substance contained in the seeds and organs of vegetation - sinigrin glycoside. Interestingly, if you feed the cows with herbs in which there is a lot of this plant, then the milk will give off garlic! And such a drink should not be given to small children.
- Large-flowered Yarut (Thlaspi macranthum). The homeland of this variety is the lands of Western Transcaucasia and only there, since the plant is endemic (it grows only in a limited geographical area). Likes to settle in places where there is a lot of sunlight - on forest edges, meadow glades, where the mountains part a little. The plant has a glabrous gray and often multi-branched stem. Leaf plates are distinguished by a solid edge, rarely, but it happens that there is a fine serration along the edge. Those that are closer to the root are attached to the stem with petioles, have a reverse-oval or reverse-elliptical shape, but it happens that leaves grow with a rounded-oval shape. The leaves are located at the top, stem, elongated-oval or elongated-oval, stalk-enveloping. The inflorescence is an elongated raceme assembled from multiple flowers, the petals of which are 5–6 mm long. The length of the stamens is one and a half times the calyx, the anthers are yellow. The large-flowered yarrow bears fruit in pods, which acquire an inverse-oval, wedge-shaped or oblong shape. There is a narrowing towards the base, they are 7–10 mm long, and there are 2–6 seed compartments in the nests.
- Round yarrow (Thlaspi orbiculatum). It is an annual plant. Basically, the absolute altitude at which this variety of Yarut settles varies from 600 to 1000 meters. The homeland of growth is the western lands of the Caucasus, but the description came from Georgia, where the plant is endemic. The stem is usually bare, simple in shape. Reverse oval sheet plates with solid edges. From below on the stem they are petiolate, on the top they are stalk-enveloping. The flower petals are white, no more than 2 mm long, and slightly longer than the sepals. The fruit pod ripens, it is round in diameter and reaches 11–17 mm; it has 3–8 seed nests.
- Pierced yarrow (Thlaspi perfoliatum). Annual, with a bare stem, painted in gray-green shades. In height, it reaches 5–35 cm, branched. Leaves with whole-edged outlines, but can grow with indistinct serration. Those that are located closer to the roots are distinguished by a back-oval shape, and the stem leaves are elongated-oval and stalk-embracing. The petals of the flowers are oblong, elongated, reaching a length of 2, 5–3 mm. Ripening pod fruits are obverse-heart-shaped, up to 6–7 mm long and 4, 5–6 mm wide, seed nests in them are divided into 2–4 parts. Seeds are colored brown, measure about 1.25 mm in length, with a millimeter width. It grows pierced in the regions of North Africa and Europe, can be found in the Middle East and Central Asia. On Russian lands, it grows in the European part, Altai Territory and the territory of the Ciscaucasia. It settles on rocky and rocky slopes, along roads and in meadows, among plantations of shrubs.
- Early yarrow (Thlaspi praecox). It is a perennial herb. The homeland of growth is considered to be the lands of the Mediterranean, the region of Transnistria, the Black Sea territories, the Crimea and the Balkan Peninsula, as well as Asia Minor. It has upright stems, simple and gray-colored, usually several of them, reaching a height of 8–28 cm. Leaves with a thick surface, entire, with a slight serration. The leaf blades located at the roots of the stem have petioles and a reddish tint, oblong or rounded, and those growing on the stem are elongated. Sepals are colored red, their length is 2–2.5 mm. Petals are white, back-oval or back-oval-elongated, up to 3-5 mm in length. The anthers are barely visible from the calyx. Fruit pods with triangular-obverse-heart-shaped outlines, measured in length in 5-6 mm. 4-seed nests.
- Yarutka Shovitsa (Thlaspi szowitsianum). An annual herbaceous plant. Territories in the south of Transcaucasia are considered native, their description comes from Karabakh, where it is considered endemic. The stem is 20–55 cm high, simple, without pubescence. Leaf blades are oval in shape, with a solid edge. The length can be up to 20–55 cm with a 9–30 mm width. Only the basal leaves differ in petioles, but the stem leaves are of a stalk-embracing form, sessile. Flowers are collected in a rare inflorescence in the form of a few-flowered brush. The petals of the buds are whitish, 2, 5–3 mm long and one and a half times the length of the calyx. The ripening pods are distinguished by an oval-rounded shape, their length does not exceed 10-11 mm, and in diameter they reach 11-12 mm, the nests at the fruit are 4-6 seed pods.
- Umbelliferae (Thlaspi umbellatum). An annual herb that grows in the Caucasus and northern Iran. Likes to settle on rocky slopes and sandy surfaces. The stem starts branching straight from the base, it is naked and reaches a height of 2–18 cm, with a maximum of 24 cm. The leaves are small in size with teeth. At the base of the root, on the stem, they are petioled, oval in shape, and the leaf blades of elliptical outlines located at the tops of the stems are stalk-enveloping. Flower petals reach a length of 2, 5–3, 5 mm. Fruits ripen leguminous, obverse-heart-shaped, at the base they are strongly narrowed, up to 4–7 mm long and about 3, 5–5, 5 mm wide. Nests are usually 4 seed nests. Seeds with a red color, in length reach one and a half millimeters with a millimeter width. This plant mainly settles in not very attractive places, but there is the possibility of growing the jar on its own.
- Alpine yarrow (Thlaspi alpinum). The homeland of this variety is naturally alpine meadows and mountainous areas. Perennial herb, reaching a height of 5-10 cm. The stem is creeping. The color of the leaves is dark green, the edge has a serrated edge and almost oval outlines. The apex can be either pointed or blunt. Small white flowers. Used for rock gardens for the winter, will require shelter.
- Mountain Yarut (Thlaspi montanum). The main habitat is the central regions of Europe and the mountainous belt of the Alps. It is a perennial herb, reaching a height of 8–20 cm. At the beginning of flowering, whole low thickets of basal leaf rosettes grow from it, which cover the soil like a carpet. The stems of this variety of the jar are numerous, simple and thin, erect, but they can also be widely spreading outlines. Leaves at the roots reach a width of one and a half centimeters, from obovate to rounded, have a uniform taper and have a short petiole, the edge is solid or with weak crenation. Stem leaf blades, 4–8 units, are ovoid, stalk-embracing, sessile, with rounded lobes at the base. Flowers are collected in loose apical brushes. Butt shades are usually whitish, but lilac colors are also found. The diameter of the flower reaches one centimeter. The petals are measured in lengths of 5–7 mm. The stamens are short, the anthers are yellow. Flowering occurs in June, the variety is frost-resistant, withstands a drop in temperature to -29 degrees. The most famous and demanded variety in floriculture.
Agrotechnics in the cultivation of jar
- Lighting and landing site. For growing a plant, a place is selected in the garden or on a personal plot, where direct sunlight will fall at least eight hours a day. In shade, the plant can wither away.
- Watering the plant. Yarok will not be able to grow normally if there is stagnation of water in the soil, it easily survives dry periods. During the growing season, regular moistening of the soil under the thickets will still be required.
- Soil when growing a jar. Jar grows well on loam, the soil should be well drained, and with sufficient air and water permeability. You can mulch it with humus or compost. But some growers plant the plant on depleted soils, but light in composition and for drainage to which they add fine crushed stone or gravel. The variety of mountain jar is often grown in the most exquisite rock gardens and stone gardens.
- Bloom plants start in March and continue through the month of October. If the air temperature is elevated, this will lead to early appearance of buds. Flowers are capable of self-pollinating, but about 10–20 percent are crossed through other paths. The petals are almost always white. The first seeds can be harvested from the beginning of July, as they can be scattered within a few weeks.
Reproduction of the jar in the garden
Basically, "money" multiplies with the help of seeds, which must be sown in moist soil in mid-spring (April) and before the beginning of summer. The temperature should be in the range of 13-18 degrees. Does not require special care.
You can divide the bush. This procedure is carried out in the spring before flowering, or as soon as the flowering process is completed. For this, the entire mother plant is dug up and the rhizome system of the bush is divided into parts. The plots are planted at a distance of 15–25 cm from each other in the same moistened soil.
In the middle of summer days, propagation by cuttings is also recommended. The stems are cut with a length of 8-10 cm and buried in the ground. Until they take root, the landing site should be protected from direct sunlight. You can cover with plastic wrap or use plastic cups, but you will need regular airing and spraying. After a couple of weeks, the cuttings take root and they are accustomed to the open air, removing the shelter for an increasing amount of time. It is possible to pinch the top afterwards, which will help the stem to start branching.
Some varieties will require shelter for the winter, as they are not frost-resistant (mountain or alpine yarrow).
You will learn more about the field jar from this video:
