Find out what your genetic potential is capable of in the gym and other speed-strength sports. The physical parameters of athletes are of the utmost importance in bodybuilding. It is very important to develop each of them in order to achieve maximum progress. Learn about the physical qualities of a person in bodybuilding.
When performing any movement, an athlete can fix his movement in space, the force of interaction with objects and such derivatives as power and work. In the field of pedagogy, all these phenomena were given a slightly different interpretation, which made it possible to create such a concept as "physical quality", which includes flexibility, speed, agility, endurance and strength.
All these indicators can be measured, but they are not amenable to development. This is due to the fact that, for example, to increase the strength of an athlete, it is necessary to make certain changes in the structure of muscle tissues, increasing the number of myofibrils. However, today we can state the fact that sports pedagogy occupies a separate position and specialists in this field are sure that they have a sufficient stock of knowledge. Within the framework of this article, all the physical qualities of a person in bodybuilding will be considered from the point of view of biology.
The main physical qualities of a person in bodybuilding
Force
Strength refers to the ability of an athlete to overcome external resistance through muscle activity. According to the theory of V. Zatsiorsky, power indicators depend on three factors:
- The intensity of muscle tension.
- Muscle traction angle.
- Warm-ups.
In sports pedagogy, it is customary to distinguish several types of strength: maximum, speed, explosive, eccentric, starting, static, dynamic and power endurance.
If we consider strength from the point of view of biology, then the maximum value of this indicator depends on the following factors:
- The number of fibers in muscle tissue.
- The number of myofibrils in the muscle fibers.
The central nervous system has motor zones in which there are neurons that are capable of innervating the motor neurons of the spinal cord, which, as a result, leads to muscle contraction.
The increase in strength is directly related to the number of motor units involved in the performance of the work. Each of the motor neurons located in the spinal cord is capable of innervating a large number of fibers of muscle tissue. It is the motor neurons, together with all the fibers innervated by them, that is called the motor unit.
It must be said that any motor unit has its own values of the activation threshold and frequency. With an increase in effort, low-threshold motor units first enter into work, and then high-threshold ones. The activity of enzymes of muscle fibers is greatly influenced by temperature, degree of acidification, concentration of norepinephrine and adrenaline. You can improve these indicators thanks to a high-quality warm-up.
Rapidity
If we talk about speed as a physical phenomenon, then in nature it simply does not exist. This concept is used to summarize certain events in sports. Let's say you can distinguish the speed of the reaction. In turn, the physical phenomena include the execution of movements and the speed of muscle contraction. From the standpoint of biology, speed depends on the following factors:
- External resistance according to Hill's "force-speed" law.
- Muscle compositions.
- Indicator of maximum strength.
The movement depends on the speed of single muscle contractions and the speed of relaxation of the antagonist muscles. In turn, the rate of relaxation is influenced by the power of the calcium pumps, and this indicator is interrelated with the mass of mitochondria.
Endurance
Endurance is the ability of an athlete to exercise while maintaining power and overcoming fatigue. In sports pedagogy, it is customary to distinguish general and special endurance. From the standpoint of biology, endurance is considered in accordance with the type of energy supply to the muscles. Thus, a distinction should be made between:
- Alactate power - depends on muscle mass, and, consequently, the reserves of creatine phosphate and ATP.
- Anaerobic Glycolytic Power - This is influenced by the mass and buffering properties of glycolytic fibers.
- Aerobic glycolytic capacity - depends on the mitochondrial mass of intermediate and oxidative fibers.
- Lipolysis power - depends on the mitochondrial mass of oxidative fibers.
Flexibility
Flexibility is the mobility of the articular-ligamentous apparatus. It is customary to distinguish three types of flexibility: anatomical, passive and active. In turn, there are three tapas of limitation of mobility (flexibility):
- Anatomical limitations are caused by the skeletal system and musculature.
- Physiological limitations are caused by muscle tone and stretch reflexes.
- Morphological limitations are caused by the length of the muscle tissue myofibrils.
Agility
Agility is the ability of an athlete to use his motor abilities rationally in accordance with changes in the external and internal environment. If the external environment remains stable, then we should talk not about dexterity, but coordination. Agility cannot be viewed from the perspective of physics as a physical quality. For this, it is necessary to apply the positions of the technical training of athletes.
Inherited and Developed Aspects of Physical Qualities
Athletes choose a sports discipline not only according to their desire, but also in accordance with the results achieved in the competition. Often, the successful performance of an athlete can be determined by a genetic predisposition.
For example, strength depends on the number of fibers in muscle tissue and the power of the hormonal system. Endurance is largely determined by the activity of special enzymes involved in the processes of energy supply, and the speed largely depends on the composition of the muscles. All these characteristics can be attributed to inherited and athletes should focus on them when choosing their specialization.
Developed qualities include strength, speed and endurance. This is due to the fact that most of the factors affecting their performance can be changed during training.
For the development of physical strength in bodybuilding, see this video:
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