Types and features of stoves for summer cottages and summer kitchens. Site selection, design and preparation of everything necessary for self-construction, nuances and technology. A summer kitchen stove is a device for preparing food during the warmer months. The installation of such structures is often practiced by the owners of summer cottages for cooking, frying and preserving products from the garden or garden. About how to make a stove for a summer kitchen with your own hands, our article today.
Types and features of stoves for summer kitchen
There are a huge number of types of stoves that can be used in summer outbuildings, gazebos or just in the open-air courtyard. This section will describe the most popular options:
- Russian stove … It is a variation of the one that used to be installed in homes. But in its version for a summer kitchen, the outer walls are closed with thermal insulation. This allows the heat to be stored inside the oven for longer, while reducing fuel consumption. Such a device is not intended for heating the air. The Russian stove is multifunctional. It can be equipped with an oven, a hob and even a cauldron holder, in which it is convenient to cook many dishes from oriental cuisine.
- BBQ oven … This is a covered structure that protects the fire built in it from wind, atmospheric precipitation and allows the heat to be stored for a long time. Capital barbecue ovens for summer kitchens usually have not only one brazier, but also other devices. With their help, you can cook, smoke, make kebabs and pizza. The presence of grates is the main difference between a barbecue and a barbecue.
- Tandoor … This is the name of the brazier stove among the eastern peoples. This is a rounded container with a hole at the top, in which the cauldron is installed. In the tandoor, you can cook flat cakes and vegetables, fish and meat. Factory-made devices can be mobile and stationary. There are models that have wheels for convenient movement of the oven to any place on the site. Self-made tandoor involves the use of refractory bricks for this purpose. In masonry, they can be placed vertically or horizontally. In the latter case, the heat in the oven lasts longer.
- Fireplace stove … In addition to the opportunity to warm up in the evening or on a cloudy day, such a device today can also be used for cooking. For this, the fireplace stove is equipped with a spit and a metal grate. This equipment allows you to cook many dishes. The main difference of this device from other stoves for summer kitchens is the presence of an enlarged firebox.
- Pizza oven … She does not have wide opportunities, and such a design serves exclusively for the preparation of bakery products. It has a combustion chamber in which logs are laid. When they are burned out, the coals are pushed aside and placed on the vacant molds filled with dough or raw pizza. The independent manufacture of such a furnace involves the use of refractory brick masonry on a mortar with chamotte clay.
- Brazier oven … The main difference between this device and the barbecue is the presence of an oven. On the upper grate of the stove, you can cook barbecue on charcoal in the usual way without thoroughly heating it. However, if you heat the oven for a summer kitchen with a barbecue for two hours, then remove the ash from the firebox and put skewers with pieces of skewered meat in it, the product will be fried thanks to the oven heat without turning over evenly and from all sides.
- Simple wood burning stove … It is the simplest option, suitable for a summer kitchen. Typically, this design has only a hob. But the most interesting are the models with a built-in oven. Such stoves look like ordinary stoves, but they are fired with solid fuel: wood, coal, etc. The disadvantage is limited functionality, and the advantage is a large firebox in which large logs can be placed, making it easier for yourself to chop wood.
Oven construction technology for a summer kitchen
After completing all the stages of the preparatory work, you can start building a universal stove for a summer kitchen in the country. The work will consist of arranging the base, pouring the foundation and masonry of the structure with the simultaneous installation of metal parts.
Preparatory work
It is rational to build such a stove for a summer kitchen that would be universal - it had the functions of many of the above devices and could heat the room in spring or autumn. It is quite possible, and now we will try to do it together. But first you need to go through the preparatory stage of work.
When determining the cooking zone for food, there are some requirements to consider. The first is the proximity to the place of eating. In the presence of an open-type summer kitchen, the oven located on the street can serve as part of the equipment of the building. If it needs to be built as a separate element, it is recommended to install a gazebo next to it, or at least a table under the awning.
Of no small importance is the proximity of the water source and the availability of supplied electricity, remoteness from the courtyard toilet, cesspool, road or barnyard. If the site is small and its area does not allow choosing a comfortable place for cooking, the summer kitchen with a stove can be fenced off with a high fence.
It is very difficult to develop a design for a stove for a summer kitchen on your own, because you will have to calculate the draft and smoke exhaust, which must be performed correctly. Therefore, choosing one or another furnace design, it will be correct to order its project from an experienced craftsman. Another option is to find for free or buy a detailed description of the construction of a structure with the necessary drawings on the Internet.
For the purposes of this article, we use, as an example, the manufacture of a stylized Russian-style oven with a grill, barbecue and barbecue. If you need any other model, you will have to make calculations and select everything you need for work yourself. In this case, from the materials you will need:
- Clay refractory bricks - 750 pcs.;
- Cement M400 - 300 kg, clean sand - 900 kg;
- Dry masonry mix - 650 kg;
- Crushed stone or brick chips - 600 kg;
- Cast iron blowing doors - 3 pcs.;
- Grates - 2 pcs.;
- Furnace shutter - 1 pc.;
- Doors for the firebox - 2 pcs.;
- Roofing material - 1 roll;
- Hob - 1 pc.;
- Grill and barbecue grill;
- Metal doors - 2 pcs.
Please note that this list contains only basic materials. Some little things, such as steel wire to temporarily hold the oven doors, or other parts may be required during operation, but you can figure it out on your own.
The list of necessary tools and accessories should include: "grinder", pick, concrete mixer, shovel, mortar trough, mallet and tape measure, cord, as well as a building level.
Pouring the foundation for the furnace
A brick oven needs a high-quality foundation. And it does not matter at all which model we are talking about, whether it is an outdoor one or a stove for an isolated room. All of them must have a foundation, especially with a structure weighing more than 750 kg.
Therefore, work should begin with preparing a solid foundation for it. In the process of planning the site, it should be borne in mind that the dimensions of the base should be 100-150 mm larger than the dimensions of the furnace in the plan. We proceed as follows:
- From the place where it is planned to pour the foundation, we remove the soil to a depth of 0, 4-0, 5 m. In the resulting depression we fill up sifted sand with a fraction of 0, 8-0, 9 mm. After that, it must be leveled and tamped well. The thickness of such a pillow should be 15-20 cm. The end of a small massive log can be used to seal it. To make it convenient for them to work, a rail can be nailed to the opposite end of the tool, which will serve as a handle.
- The next step is to create a crushed stone pillow on top of the sand layer. Its thickness should be about 300 mm, but crushed stone can be saved if you first lay 200 mm of broken brick or concrete chips, and then fill the remaining 100 mm of space with basic material.
- After crushed stone preparation, you can pour the furnace foundation. Its top plane should be at floor level. This may slightly affect the overall thickness of the sand and rubble base.
Brick Laying Instructions
After some time allotted for the drying and hardening of the foundation slab, you can begin to perform the brickwork. Before laying bricks for the first layer, it is necessary to waterproof the foundation surface. The lower layer of insulation is made of roofing material, and then we cover it with PE film on top. The further procedure is as follows:
- We lay the first row of bricks dry directly on the plastic wrap, previously sprinkled with sand, taken in a small amount. In this case, only the joints in the row between the bricks should be smeared with a solution.
- An indispensable element of any furnace is a blower. Therefore, now you need to determine a place for it and designate it with a door. To do this, in the chosen place we cover the brick with mortar, wrap the door around the perimeter with an asbestos cord, mount and temporarily fasten it with wire.
- We install the subsequent rows on the solution, but we fit them to the door frame of the blower, carefully controlling the angle.
- Above the blower in the masonry, we make small protrusions on which we install the grate. It is not worth embedding it in the walls of the oven. This is fraught with devastating consequences, since the cast iron grate expands when heated and can rupture the device.
- The fifth next row of masonry is performed with a brick placed on the edge, and the sixth - with a brick flat.
- We carry out the seventh row with a brick on the edge, at the same time we determine the place and install the furnace door in it. Its fastening is carried out in the same way as the blower door.
- The eighth row starts with flat brick quarters. You need to prepare three quarters.
- The ninth row, like the seventh, is laid on the edge and the hob is installed on top.
- From the tenth row, we begin to lay out the base of the combustion pipe.
- Performing the eleventh row, we mount the valve. Before that, it should be abundantly greased with clay and wrapped with an asbestos cord.
- On the next rows, we narrow the masonry to create a chimney.
- After that, we mount the grill and consider the process complete.
Important! When laying the chimney, care must be taken not to move the center of gravity of the stove to the side. Therefore, the building level must be used very often.
Useful tips when building a stove for a summer kitchen
Unlike building a house, laying a stove for a summer kitchen, preparing its foundation and, in general, any stage of such work has many nuances, it is difficult to list them within one section. But we will try to cover the main ones:
- The preparation of the furnace foundation should be especially high-quality, its permissible thickness is at least 0.5 m.
- Between the brickwork and the concrete of the foundation, there must be a heat and waterproofing layer.
- The base of the stove must be laid out without mortar from well-fitted and even bricks.
- The corners of the furnace should have 90 degrees, so you need to use a building level and a square to control the masonry more often.
- Refractory materials should be moistened before laying, and ordinary clay materials should be kept in water for up to a minute.
- It is unacceptable to put different types of piece materials in one dressing, since the heated furnace can burst due to the temperature difference.
- If the brickwork is carried out on a clay mixture, its main component should have a normal fat content and a minimum of organic matter.
- Chipped bricks should not be laid with a chip inside the furnace, as this part is the least durable.
Important! Any cast-iron parts of the stove, including the blower door, cannot be mounted close to the masonry. Hot cast iron is capable of strong expansion and can easily break it. How to make a stove for a summer kitchen - watch the video:
So, in general terms, we talked about how brick ovens are built for a summer kitchen. The masonry principle for structures of this type is the same. If you carefully draw out the corners, observe the thickness of the seams and follow the directions in the drawings, you will have an excellent oven for cooking your favorite dishes in the fresh air.
