The presented woodcarving lessons will introduce beginners to this craft, so that you can create objects from natural material with your own hands. Wood carving can become not only your favorite hobby, but also an additional type of income. Learn more about this craft.
The history of the craft and types
Wood carving is a kind of arts and crafts that originated in antiquity. In Russia, woodcarving was called carving, and the drawing carried out in this technique was a sign, patterned, ornamental. In this technique, the craftsmen performed braids, teeth, grooves, poppies, fungi, etc. on a flat surface. You can see such samples in the Assumption Cathedral by visiting the royal place.
Russia owes the development of woodcarving to the monk Ambrose, a novice of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, who at the end of the 15th century combined Russian ornament with Western and Eastern designs in his works.
In 1660, the craftsmen decorated the royal dining room with German carvings, which were figured, with Gothic motives. This is how elements of German carving appeared in Russian carving, including new tools and terms.
Thread types are conventionally divided into:
- end-to-end;
- deaf;
- brownie;
- sculptural;
- chainsaw thread.
Here's how they differ:
- Through thread is subdivided into invoice and through. This includes a slotted thread, when through sections are cut with cutters and chisels; and profile threads, where such areas are cut with a jigsaw or saw. If these types of carving are performed using a relief ornament, then this is called openwork.
- If there is not a single through hole in the processed wood, such a thread is called blind.
- House carvings are used to decorate the facades of buildings.
- Sculptural - one of the most difficult types of carving, it requires a lot of skill. In this technique, figures of animals, sculptures of people are made.
- With the help of a chainsaw thread, global work is performed. This requires strength, therefore it is more suitable for men, while women can successfully master other types of carving.
Woodworking tool, cutting blanks
Beginners can only use 2 tools - a well-honed penknife and a jamb knife. When you learn how to perform simple elements with them, you want to improve, then you can buy wood tools, for example, such a set.
There may be even more tools, but such a number is needed only for professional carvers performing complex work.
See what types of notches you can make with semicircular cutters of different sizes, acute-angled.
But what set of tools a cabinetmaker should have in order to perform the following types of woodwork:
- thread;
- sawing off;
- splitting and cutting;
- planing;
- turning;
- chiselling.
- Pay attention to the cutters that are used for hand turning wood. In addition to the semicircular one, there is also a flat oblique, angular, cut-off, beveled, angular, etc.
- Saws are used to cut the workpiece. They can be transverse, longitudinal, universal. Rip saw teeth are chisel-shaped; in the transverse ones, they are triangular, sharp. The universal ones are equipped with teeth that have a right angle. Such a tool can cut fibers both lengthwise and across and at an angle. Each of these saws can be hacksaws, simple, one-handed.
- If the workpiece is made from a log, a bar or a trunk, then axes or cleavers are used. Teslo is a kind of ax, the blade is located perpendicular to the ax handle, it is used to create curly and concave products.
- To remove shavings from the workpiece, turning or hand tools are used, planers can be used.
The figure shows: axes (a - this is a carpenter's, b - a carpenter's, in - a carpenter's); g - cleaver; e - f - tesla (d - for sampling a depression, f - used to create sculptures).
The most popular carving tools are chisels. They usually consist of:
- steel rods;
- cutting blades;
- shank.
Check out what some types of chisels are for:
- Wide and straight are used for cutting or cleaning flat or convex workpieces.
- With round blades - for working with horny knots or hardwood.
- With the help of narrow ones, the workpiece is processed in narrow places.
- A chisel with a thick steel rod is used to clean a deep cavity or workpiece with a hollow. The chisel is deepened into the wood with a mallet.
- Gutters of various depths and radii are made with cranberries.
- Grooves and triangular grooves are made with angle chisels.
These are the basic tools for carving, but there are also special ones. For example, spoon cutters are used for volumetric cutting. For large items, a T-shaped cutter is often used.
Wood carving: sketches and master classes
After you have learned a lot of useful things, have acquired the necessary, let's try to cut a flower. To make it, you need the following:
- flat piece of wood;
- pencil;
- transparent paper;
- v-shaped chisel corner;
- narrow and wide semicircular chisels.
If you don't already have a V-chisel, you can use a sharp knife for this pattern. Attach a piece of paper to the screen, redraw the diagram.
Then transfer it to a piece of wood. Start by trimming the outline of the center circle, then use the large semicircular chisel to cut towards the center of the outer circle.
Mark the flower petals.
Using a V-shaped corner chisel, cut the petals along the contour.
With the same tool, remove excess wood between the petals ("triangles").
Take in your hand the next wood tool - a semicircular chisel to cut out the outer contour of the petal. In doing so, it will look like the upper part of the heart.
Use a large semicircular chisel to make cuts within the petal outline.
With a small semicircular chisel, make two cuts on this contour from the center of the flower.
To increase the cut area, cut again.
Unfold the chisel and round the center of the flower.
Now you need to take the next carving tool - a V-shaped chisel and make such cuts in the center of the flower.
Everything, you can admire the result of the work.
If you want to carve a fox, the following sketches will come in handy.
If you want to make butterflies, wood carving sketches are also included.
If you want to make a form for a printed cookie with the image of the Snow Maiden, then prepare:
- beech plank;
- ruler;
- jigsaw;
- simple pencil;
- ruler;
- sandpaper;
- eraser;
- linseed oil.
Draw a rectangle on the board. Cut it out.
If you do not have an electric jigsaw, you can cut the workpiece with a saw or an ordinary hand jigsaw. Make the cut surface even with sandpaper. If the household has a grinder, use it for this procedure. Transfer the drawing to the workpiece using a simple pencil.
With the help of a semicircular chisel, we make a depression in the place of the face, then again we apply its contours here.
Continuing wood carving sketches will help you cut the facial features correctly. At this stage, we also make a cape on the head of the Snow Maiden. Note that it is at a level above the face.
Based on the sketch, we cut out other elements of the workpiece.
Now you need to erase the pencil with a rubber eraser, then with the finest sandpaper. If you immediately do this with a sandpaper, then part of the lead will rub into the wood.
Pour linseed oil into a container, immerse our wooden mold in it for an hour. If you are doing a lot of work, then soak it with oil using a swab or squirrel brush and let it dry for 3-4 days.
That's it, you can roll out the dough, cut it into rectangles, apply a pattern with a wooden blank and bake.
To prevent the cookies from burning in some places, you need to cut a stamp out of wood so that it does not have too prominent elements.
How to cut a sign for a bath?
For her, take:
- a board (in this case, a coniferous tree fit was used);
- triangular ruler;
- simple pencil;
- saw;
- furniture varnish in a spray can;
- stain;
- brush;
- sandpaper.
Divide the board visually into 3 parts, make cuts.
To draw letters, download the ones you like from the Internet, then redraw them onto wood. You can use this sample.
Draw oak leaves on the right and left on the plate.
Next, the thread itself begins. For beginners, such tasks are great, because they do not require lengthy training and a lot of tools. Three types of incisors were used here: a jamb-incisor and tatyanka chisels. Using a scythe-cutter along the outlined contours, make cuts according to the pattern, with a chisel cut under the contour to highlight the pattern above the background.
Further, the carved surface is sanded with sandpaper No. 180 and No. 220. At the top and bottom of the plate, draw clouds, cut them out with a jamb-cutter and a chisel, and then sand.
It remains to cover the product with a stain. For this plate, it was applied in 1 layer, and when it dried, the indentations were painted a second time. After that, you need to go through the letters with sandpaper to give the effect of a three-dimensional image.
After coating with varnish from a spray can, you need to let it dry for 12 hours and you can hang the plate in place.
How to turn DIY soap into beautiful flowers?
You can cut not only from wood, but also using soap. This is a softer material and at first you can "fill" your hand on it.
This soap will be a nice present for your friends. After all, handwork is very much appreciated. In order to make a rose from soap, little is needed, namely:
- a piece of soap;
- cutter;
- brush.
Determine the center on the soap, it is here with a chisel to make a core, for this, tilt it at an angle of 45 °, make 6 edges. Then, place the cutter perpendicular to the bar of soap, cut in a circle to remove excess and define the core.
Next, cut out the first open petal along the outer edge of the "groove" in the soap. In this case, the cutter must be tilted towards you. Now trim the base under the petal to indicate this part of the flower.
Then you need to cut out the second and subsequent petals. At the same time, move from left to right in a circle.
This is what the work should look like after you make the first circle.
Perform the second and subsequent ones in a checkerboard pattern in relation to the previous ones.
Here's how to decorate soap with your own hands by combining carving and wood carving.
Finally, you are offered 3 plots. From the first one you will learn in detail about woodcarving, about tools for beginners.
After viewing the second, you will be able to carve a spoon with a beautifully carved handle.
In the third, you will learn how to carve a charming rose from wood.
