Characteristics of the swimsuit plant, the rules for growing on a personal plot, methods of reproduction, possible problems with care and their solution, facts to note, types.
The bather (Trollius) is a plant belonging to the Ranunculaceae family. At the same time, in terms of natural data, it is quite close to marigold, which belongs to a different genus of buttercups and has the ability to grow directly in water. All types of marigolds in natural conditions can be found in vast territories covering the lands of the northern hemisphere. The regions of Europe and Asia are included there, and this flower is also a frequent visitor to the North American continent. It can grow in nature in meadows and forest clearings, river valleys and mountains. Botanists have counted about 20 different species in the genus, but only some of them are suitable for cultivation in central Russia.
| Family name | Buttercup |
| Natural growth cycle | Perennial |
| Growth form | Herbaceous |
| Breeding method | Seed or division of an adult bush |
| Time to transplant to a flower bed | Spring or late summer (early September) |
| Landing rules | The distance between plots can be 40-50 cm |
| Priming | Nutritious, moist, light to medium loamy |
| Indicators of soil acidity, pH | Neutral (6, 5-7) |
| Lighting level | Sunny or lightly shaded |
| Recommended humidity | Reduction of watering is carried out only by autumn |
| Special Requirements | Moisture-loving |
| Height values | Up to 0.9 m |
| Inflorescences or type of flowers | Single formed flowers |
| Flower color | Orange or yellow |
| Flowering period | Spring or summer |
| Decorative time | Spring-summer |
| Application in landscape | Group or single plantings, the formation of flower beds and flower beds |
| USDA zone | 4 and more |
It is still not clear where the scientific name of the swimsuit originates from, but there is a version that in Latin Trollblume could mean "flower of trolls", because if you believe the legends that exist in the lands of Germany and Scandinavia, then it was this plant that was dearly loved by supernatural beings - trolls. However, according to other sources, the Latin word trulleus, which translates as "cup" or "round vessel", described an almost spherical shape of a flower. The Old Germanic term troll is translated as "ball". However, in Russian, the swimsuit was named in accordance with the area where it grows - fry and kupava, kupavnitsa and Siberian rose, avdotki and balabolki, lights and coachman's grass, as well as many other synonyms.
In terms of height, the variety of the swimsuit rarely exceeds 90 cm. The stem is highly branchy. It is adorned with sedentary leaf plates. Frying foliage can be lobed or finger-split. Lobes of leaves with a sharp-toothed edge. In the lower part of them, a basal leaf rosette is collected, which develops during the first year of the plant's life. The flowering stem has a development cycle that stretches over two years, the second growing season is characterized by the growth of the tops of the stems. The shoot that forms during this time is distinguished by leafiness only in the upper part, and a flower blooms at the top. Leaves growing in the area near the soil surface are usually larger and have petioles, in the upper part they are sessile. It happens in some cases that lateral shoots, also crowned with flowers, originate in the axils of the upper leaves. The size of these flowers will be smaller, approaching the top of the main stem.
It is the flowers of the bikini that attract close attention to themselves. Their structure directly depends on the type of plant, but their outlines are always characterized from half-open or open to spherical. The perianth at the lights resembles in structure a corolla composed of petal-shaped sepals, numbering from 5 or more units (sometimes their number reaches 20 pieces). They are painted in bright yellow or orange shades. There are species in which there is a transition of tones from orange and canary to greenish, while the edge of the sepals is jagged.
Curious
All parts of the flowers at the swimsuit have a spiral arrangement.
The petals in the corolla grow modified, taking the form of nectaries. Their length is less than that of sepals, but can be equal to them or longer. Their number significantly exceeds the number of the latter. The nectaries are widened or narrowed linearly. At the base there is a honey pit, which bears the name - nectary. Fries serve as an excellent honey plant. More stamens and pistils are located on the receptacle, which is distinguished by its convexity. When the lights bloom, a pleasant aroma spreads around. Due to the fact that the inner cavity of the Siberian rose is closed and only at the top there is a small hole, the pollen is reliably protected from any precipitation (dew or rain).
The buds of the balabolka are formed from the beginning of the May days and soon begin to open. The flowering process lasts up to 20 days. After the flowers are pollinated by insects, the fruits ripen, which are presented in the swimsuit in the form of leaflets with a characteristic spout. This part opens along the inside seam. A spherical compound fruit is formed from the leaflets. The seeds of the lights are black, elliptical, glossy.
The plant is characterized by unpretentiousness and, with simple care, will delight with its bright flowers.
Rules for growing a swimsuit - planting and care in the open field
- Landing place Siberian rose can be sunny and open, but the plant shows a remarkable ability to develop well and bloom not just in shade, but also in real shade. The only thing is that on a sunny location the stems of a swimsuit can reach a height of 0.5-0.6 m by the age of 2-3 years, and in a shady place their parameters do not exceed 0.8-0.9 m. In this case, not only shoots are lengthened, but also leaf petioles. If the lighting level is insufficient, then the frying bush will reach its maximum development only in 5-6 years, since the growth rate will be slower. Bright light will promote lush flowering and increase the overall decorative effect of the plant. Since they love wet places most of all, such balabolki can be planted on the wet shores of both natural and artificial reservoirs.
- Bathing primer preferable wet, just as in natural growing conditions. It is important that the soil is nutritious, loose and light, therefore, when planting in the holes, it is recommended to add compost and peat. The best choice when caring for lights is a light or medium loamy substrate with a structure and a high humus content. The acidity of the soil should be close to neutral, with a pH of 6, 5–7. However, plants, confirming their unpretentiousness, in extreme cases, can develop on a poor soil mixture. You can compose the substrate yourself by mixing leafy soil, peat chips and river sand.
- Leotard landing. Plants should be planted in spring or with the arrival of August. The depth of the hole for planting should be about 0.4 m, while the root collar of the frying is buried by only 2 cm. After planting, it is recommended to mulch the soil next to the bush, for this, peat chips or humus are used. This layer will help the moisture in the soil not evaporate so quickly and will serve as a protection against weeds.
- Watering. Since the swimsuit in natural conditions prefers to grow on wet lands, it is recommended to water it abundantly and regularly. Only when the end of summer comes, then such moisture should be reduced.
- Fertilizers for growing fry. In order for the swimsuit to have good growth and flowering, it is recommended from the first days of spring to process the bushes with wood ash and fertilize with nitrogen-based fertilizers to stimulate spring vegetation. To maintain the splendor of flowering, experts advise sprinkling the bushes of lights with Epin (growth stimulation drug) - 10 drops of the product are diluted in a liter jar of water.
- General advice on care. To make the Siberian rose bushes feel comfortable, it is recommended to regularly weed them from weeds, to loosen the soil after rains or watering. Usually it is recommended to loosen the substrate to a depth of no more than 3-5 cm, while the distance from the bush is 10 cm. This is due to the fact that the bathing suit has a large number of superficial root processes that can be inadvertently damaged. To ensure good growth, plants need to systematically add nutritious soil mixture to their base. To enjoy the secondary flowering of the Siberian rose, it is recommended to cut out all faded flowering stems. The place where the bushes of lights are planted do not change over a 10-year period, and even more, if the bush grows too much, then it is divided and the cuttings are planted.
- Swimsuit wintering. The winter hardiness of the Siberian rose is high and the florist does not have to cover the plantings of such plants for the winter, with any adaptations and even fallen leaves. In the period from September to October, the leaves die off, and then they will need to be cut off, leaving only 2–3 cm of cuttings visible above the ground surface without touching. Such parts left behind will help the fry to protect the new buds in the center of the rosette from freezing. These buds for the next growing season will be the source of the growth of flowering stems. If the cutting of foliage is carried out during a period when its growing season is not yet complete, then the bud can become very weak and the future peduncle may not be sufficiently developed.
- The use of a swimsuit in landscape design. Since the plant is quite bright and unassuming, it can be planted in mixborders, form both single and group plantings. You can also use a swimsuit to cover the voids between stones in rockeries or alpine slides. It is used to decorate the soil next to the trunks of trees and shrubs. When decorating stony compositions, it is customary to place perennials and low stems in the foreground, plant bathing suits and behind - perennial ornamental plants with a significant height of shoots and late flowering or spectacular leaf plates. Good neighbors for frying are dream-grass and scrub, delphiniums and muscari, catchments and other flowers that have blue or light blue flowers to create contrast. You can use the Siberian rose for forcing, since one of the important properties of the plant is to keep the fresh appearance in bouquets. The European bather is also grown in greenhouses.
Read more about planting and caring for a hellebore outdoors.
Swimsuit breeding methods
Basically, it is possible to get new plants of the Siberian rose by sowing seeds or dividing an overgrown bush.
Seed breeding of the swimsuit
Seeds that ripen in frying must necessarily undergo stratification, that is, they are kept for a long period at low temperatures (about 4-6 degrees Celsius). If this is not done, then seedlings can not be expected at all. Usually, the seed is placed in a seedling box filled with peat-sandy soil. There is practically no need to close up the seeds, since they are very small. Sowing is recommended in the autumn period - October days are suitable. You can sow seeds directly into the soil on the garden bed, then they will undergo natural stratification, and in the spring you can see young seedlings. If the time is missed in the fall, then the seeds are mixed with wet sand in the middle of winter and placed on the last shelf of the refrigerator for 2-3 months. With the arrival of March, they are taken out and sown in seedling boxes with loose and nutritious soil. Then a piece of glass is placed on the container or wrapped in plastic wrap to create greenhouse conditions if you do not have a greenhouse. After about a month, you can expect the first shoots to appear. After that, it is recommended to remove the shelter. In the process of caring for crops, it is necessary to ventilate for 15–20 minutes every day and moisten the soil if it begins to dry out from above.
If the seedlings of the swimsuit have grown very closely, it is necessary to carry them out in separate small pots with the same substrate. When the first true leaves appear, they will have a triple-dissected shape, and their lobes will have a jagged edge. With the arrival of the right time (late May - early summer), if 2-3 leaves have appeared on the seedling, young frying can be transplanted into open ground. In case of regrowth of 5 leaves on the lights, the cotyledons die off. During this period, the root system of the Siberian rose already has 10-15 adventitious root shoots, which are buried 15 cm into the substrate. The flowering of such plants can be expected 3-4 years from the moment of sowing the seeds.
Important
It is not necessary to delay the transplantation of seedlings of lights, since transplantation with older plants is very difficult to tolerate.
Reproduction of the swimsuit by division
Due to the fact that it takes a long time to wait for the flowering of balabolok seedlings, the vegetative method is more popular, when the division of the overgrown mother bush is performed. This operation can be carried out in the spring, as well as in late August or early September. The depth of the planting hole for the divisions should be about 0.4 m. An overgrown adult bush of the swimsuit can not be removed from the ground, but using a sharply sharpened shovel, cut off parts from it and get them out of the substrate using a garden pitchfork. The division is done in such a way that each part of the fry has renewal points and a sufficient number of roots and stems. Delenki are placed at a distance of half a meter from each other. In each hole, you can place 3-5 parts of a Siberian rose, forming nests, then future bushes will delight you with splendor. The deepening of the root collar should be 2 cm. After planting, the delenki are watered.
Important!!
Since the roots of the swimsuit begin to dry out very quickly, the delenki are immediately planted in pre-prepared holes.
Occasionally, reproduction is possible by cuttings, which are cut from young shoots located at the soil surface. These stems can be easily spotted in the spring. In the summer, reproduction is performed by rooting leaf rosettes with a piece of underground stem.
Possible problems when caring for a swimsuit and their solutions
The Siberian rose can please its owners with the fact that it almost never suffers from diseases and does not particularly suffer from pests. Perhaps the last aspect is the poisonous sap of the plant. To prevent diseases caused by fungi, it is recommended to remove all dead foliage in the fall.
It happens that a swimsuit occasionally becomes a victim of the following diseases: smut, septoria, penetrating short-bodied nematode. It is usually recommended to treat planting diseases with fungicidal preparations, for example, TMTD, Fundazol, and apply insecticides from the last pest - Tanrek and herbicides, such as Tornado.
See Disease and Pest Control Methods for Liver Woman Care
Facts to note about the swimsuit flower
Certain types of Siberian rose have long been used in oriental medicine, while only flowers and leaf plates are used. For medicinal purposes, root processes are almost never used.
Important!!
The roots of the swimsuit are very poisonous, after any work with them, it is recommended to thoroughly wash your hands or use gloves. When planting in the garden, it is worth choosing a place for frying, where children will not have access, since the juice from its plucked flowers or leaves is very poisonous. After any contact with the plant, be sure to wash your hands with soap and water. It is dangerous to get the juice in the eyes.
Preparations made on the basis of the aerial part of the lights can have a strong choleretic effect on the human body, while the tone of both the gallbladder and the smooth muscles of the intestine decreases. Such medicines are prescribed to relieve swelling and as a diuretic. Siberian rose ointment was used to treat skin diseases such as scabies, various inflammations or abscesses, and was also used for epilepsy.
Attention!!
Any use of swimsuit-based potions should be carried out strictly under the supervision of a physician, since the plant is poisonous. Therefore, it is used very rarely.
All types of frying are excellent melliferous plants, and the grass goes well for livestock feed.
Description of the types of swimwear
European swimsuit (Trollius europaeus)
prefers forests and their edges, where there is a moist substrate. Not uncommon in the temperate climatic zone of Russia and the Scandinavian countries. The height of the stems ranges from 60–70 cm. The flowering process occurs in May – June and lasts 4–5 weeks. The color of the flowers is a glowing poor lemon or lemon yellow hue, sometimes there is an orange center inside. Their structure is terry, their outlines are spherical, their diameter is 5 cm, there is a weak aroma during flowering.
Asian swimsuit (Trollius asiaticus)
- perennial, reaching a height of 0.7 m. Prefers to grow in meadows and meadows, as well as in the alpine and subalpine mountain belt, which stretches from the Urals to the Mongolian lands. Moreover, on the territory of Siberia, this very species is called "frying". In culture, this variety is the most common. The color of single flowers is bright orange. The width of the opening is 7–8 cm. Flowering takes the period from mid-May to the end of the second decade of June.
Altai swimsuit (Trollius altaicus)
It is clear from the name that the natural distribution falls on alpine meadows, and can also be found in the Pamirs and Tan-Shan. It resembles the outlines of Trollius asiaticus, but the flowers have a black-purple spot in the central part, which is more or less pronounced. It is formed by twisted stigmas of a dark color. May-June bloom.
Chinese swimsuit (Trollius chinensis)
The native habitat of natural growth falls on wet shrub thickets, meadows and glades located in China and Japan, as well as in the Ussuri region. The height of the stems reaches one meter. It is characterized by the latest flowering dates, which begins at the end of June, when many varieties have already grown. The flowering time can be up to 36 days. The color of the flowers is a rich golden yellow or orange color scheme. The diameter of the opened flower reaches 5 cm. The length of the broad-oval sepals is approximately 3 cm. The nectaries have linear outlines. The species has been cultivated in culture since 1827.
The greatest popularity is inherent in the variety Golden Queen or Golden Queen, in which the bush in height can stretch up to 0.8 m, and the diameter of the flowers is measured 6, 5 cm, their color is orange-yellow, the stamens are elongated.
Ledebour's Bathing Suit (Trollius ledebourii)
It resembles the species Trollius chinensis, but its height parameters are large, ranging from 1–1, 2 m. Flowers with a large opening, reach 8 cm in diameter. Elongated stamens grow in the corolla, the flowers are yellow or orange. The color of nectaries is bright yellow, they protrude strongly above the sepals.
Flowering occurs in the last days of June and lasts until mid-July, which is why crossing with other varieties of the Siberian rose is possible. There are up to 40 flowers on one bush. The native area of natural distribution is in the eastern regions of Siberia, the Far East, Chinese and Japanese lands. For the first time, the plant began to grow in culture since 1880. There are varietal forms that differ in color and flower parameters, they are chosen by European growers, but we do not find them.
Dwarf swimsuit (Trollius pumilus)
is a plant with bushy shoots that grow up to 15-30 cm in height. The color of the leaf blades is dark green, they have elongated petioles and a serrated edge. From such leaves, a basal rosette is formed, giving rise in the central part to a large number of stems with weak branching. The tops of such stems are crowned with single large flowers of a bright golden-yellow color scheme. The disclosure of flowers in this species is rather wide, than they resemble the outline of a buttercup - flat and wide. The flowering process occurs in May-June, but sometimes in July days it pleases with opened buds.
Related article: Recommendations for planting and caring for lumbago or sleep-grass in the open field
Video about growing a swimsuit in the garden:
