Description of the plant, types of jasmine, recommendations for reproduction in a home or office, possible difficulties in care, harmful insects and diseases. Jasmine (Jasminum) belongs to the Olive family, numbering more than 300 representatives. The native habitat of all countries of the tropical and subtropical belt of the Earth. Jasmine species represent both climbing plants and shrubs. There are those that do not change the color of the leaves depending on the season, but there are those that shed their leaf mass. The place of growth of leaves and buds on the stems and their shape also depends on the type of jasmine. The shades of flowers may also change.
Sometimes jasmine can be confused with the plant, which is also popularly called jasmine, but this is not correct. They are only related by the strong, fragrant smell of flowers. The real name of the garden "twin" is mock-orange. And a plant that is bred indoors or in a greenhouse in order to avoid confusion is called real jasmine.
Jasmine species
Of the total number of species that the family includes in an apartment or office, few can be grown.
- Jasmine Bissa (Jasminum beesianum). Likes to grow along the banks of rivers in China or in the western highlands. It is in the form of a climbing plant or shrub that can stretch up to 2 m in height. The stems are distinguished by grooves located along the entire length. Leaf blades can be in the form of elongated knives or a flattened oval extended from the edges. They can grow up to 5 cm in length, the color is deep green, there is a light fluff on both sides of the leaf. The leaf blades are located opposite each other. Flowering takes place in late spring. Up to 3 buds are formed on the tops of the stems. Dissolving, the buds acquire a deep pink or pale pink color, their diameter can reach 1, 7 cm. The plant has a strong fragrant aroma.
- Jasmine (Jasminum nudiflorum). Sometimes this jasmine is called "winter". It has stems that stick to the ground, few leaves grow on them, and the shoots themselves are not large. The plant itself can be considered a shrub. The leaves grow small and are divided into three parts - one central and two lateral. This type of jasmine sheds its deciduous mass during the cold period. At this time, the rapid opening of the buds is read, which lasts from January days to April. The buds are laid in the axillary buds of the leaves, which are located along the entire stem. Opening, the buds are painted in bright yellow tones and grow quite large. This type of jasmine is used in gardens or greenhouses to cover the soil with its shoots.
- Jasmine large-flowered (Jasminum grandiflorum). This type of jasmine has been specially bred. The plant is distinguished by almost bare branches that stretch up to 10 m in height. Jasmine leaves never shed and can be both a climbing plant and in the form of a shrub. Leaf blades grow on a petiole in the form of a feather, are located in front of each other. They have the shape of an ellipse with one elongated edge at the top of the sheet plate. There are usually up to 7 leaves on the petiole. At the very top of the shoot is an umbrella-shaped inflorescence of 10 large enough buds. The flowers are snow-white in color and have a strong fragrant odor. Flowering begins with the arrival of summer heat and may continue until October. Fragrant flowers of this species are used to compose green teas.
- Jasmine officinalis (Jasminum officinale). This jasmine is called "summer". The plant is a low shrub with refined and polished shoots, on which 2-3 pairs of leaves grow. The sheet plates have a glossy surface and are shaped like elongated knives with a sharp tip at the top. The color of the leaves is pale green underneath, and the front side has a bright green tint. The edge of the sheet is as if trimmed with a thin nap. Flowering occurs in mid-spring. The inflorescences are collected from buds in the form of umbrellas, have elongated pedicels, the color of the flowers is pure white, there is a strong aroma. The shape of the flowers resembles small stars. The plant tolerates frost well and is highly popular in various areas.
- Jasmine multiflorous (Jasminum polyanthum). The height of this type of jasmine can be up to 2 m. Its shoots twist well, but their number is very limited. The leaf plates look like an egg with a strong sharpening at the top. Leaf plates grow in turn one after another on the stem. The edge of the leaf is wavy and has a deep green color. The buds that form at the very tops of the stems are collected in 3-5 pieces. When the flowers open, they acquire a pink color and have the strongest aroma. The shape of the flower resembles an elongated tube, which divides into five petals at the top.
- Jasmine naked (Jasminum umile var.glabrum). Its homeland is the subtropical zones of deciduous and coniferous forests in the western part of China. Growth often ranges from 1.5 m to 2 m absolute height. A plant of a shrub species can reach 2 m in height, it never sheds its leaf mass with smooth shoots that are almost devoid of foliage. The leaf plates consist of 3 parts and have the shape of an oblate oval. The number of leaves reaches 7 and their length can reach 2.5 cm. The top of the leaf plate is painted with a bright green color, and on the back it is pale, light green. The flowering process takes all summer. Umbellate inflorescences, collected from yellowish flowers with a strong aroma.
- Jasmine folded (Jasminum umile var. Revolutum). The plant is a low shrub, the leaf plates have the shape of an oblate ellipse and grow in 5-7 pieces with a length of at least 6 cm. It has several levels of pedicels on its long pedicel, which end in yellowish flowers in the form of a tube with turned petals. The tube is only 2.5 cm long, the petals open up to 2.5 cm across.
- Jasmine sambac (Jasminum sambak). The second name of this jasmine is Arabian Jasmine. The native habitat of the Asian tropical zones. Flexible and curly stems of this species reach a length of 6 m and are covered with fine down. The plant does not change its color depending on the season. The leaf plates are an oval with a very blunt one end, which is attached to the stem, the apex can also vary: either a blunt edge or a pointed one. 2-3 leaves are located opposite each other and can be up to 10 cm long. Also, the foliage can be glossy or have a slight pubescence. Flowering is long enough and occurs throughout the spring-autumn period. Umbrella inflorescences consist of regular, fluffy or semi-fluffy flowers. Flowers have a very pleasant aroma and are highly valued for their high decorative effect. Most often used to add to tea.
- Jasmine finest (Jasminum gracillimum). The homeland of this species is considered to be the northern mountains of the island of Kalimantan. The shoots of the plant can curl or grow upright. The stems never change the color of their foliage and are slightly covered with fluff. The leaf plates are shaped like wide and long knives with a pointed top. The length can reach 3.5 cm. The base has a rounded blunt shape with a pronounced midrib. The leaves grow opposite each other, are covered with weak down on the back and are pale green in color. Flowering lasts the first three months of the year and is very abundant. Umbrella inflorescences consist of very large flowers that have a strong aroma.
Any type of jasmine present is suitable for decorating a room or garden. It is most often placed in hanging flowerpots or allowed its shoots to climb walls.
Jasmine care in apartment conditions
Lighting
Jasmine prefers bright light most of all, but it should be diffused. Windows located on the west and east side are best suited. If a flowerpot with jasmine is on the south window and the midday bright rays of the sun fall on it, then you will have to arrange shading with light curtains or gauze. On the northern windows, the jasmine will lack lighting and will have to be supplemented with special lamps. With the onset of warm weather, you can place the plant in the fresh air, but make sure that the sun's scorching rays do not fall on it. If you need to change the place of the plant, then you need to do it not immediately, but gradually, giving the opportunity for adaptation.
Content temperature
Jasmine is not at all picky about temperature indicators, it requires a period of rest with low temperatures (about 10 degrees) with the onset of cold weather. But the most comfortable heat indicators for him will be in the range of 18-24 degrees. Only in this case the jasmine will have a long and full bloom. Without winter low temperatures, jasmine will perfectly develop shoots and leaves, but flower buds will not form and develop. It is also necessary to frequently ventilate the room in which the jasmine is located.
Watering
For watering jasmine, carefully settled (at least two days) water is used, the temperature of which is slightly higher than room temperature. In spring and summer, it is necessary to moisten when the upper part of the soil in the pot is slightly dry. The substrate in the pot should be kept moist, but not wet. During the wintering period, watering is reduced and carefully monitored so that there is no gulf of the plant, but if the earthen lump dries out too much, it will damage the jasmine.
Air humidity
Since jasmine in nature grows in areas with humid and warm air, in indoor conditions the plant requires constant spraying and raising the humidity of the air next to the pot. Spraying is not performed if the jasmine has begun to open its buds. It is also best to use soft water for this procedure. During the winter months, when watering decreases, it is recommended to put a cup of water next to the plant or install a pot with a plant in a wider container, on the bottom of which you can pour fine expanded clay or peat and keep it always moist. As the moisture evaporates, it will constantly increase the humidity around the flower.
Soil selection and jasmine replanting
The transplant of young plants is arranged in spring, no more than once a year. For older plants (4–5 years old), this procedure is done every two years. The soil mixture can be made up in proportions (1: 2: 2: 2) from the following components:
- sand;
- peat land;
- clayey sheet earth;
- rotted needles.
The soil should be dense enough and only when planting young plants or shoots is it lightened with sand. Nutrients and humus can be added to the soil. Jasmine also feels great without soil, in special substrates with a large number of pores and thoroughly irrigated.
Jasmine fertilizer
With the onset of the warm season, feeding should be started monthly, sometimes it is worth doing it once every half a month. Fertilizers are chosen with a complex of vitamins for flowering indoor plants. Some growers change 2-3 cm of soil around the base of the jasmine, the main thing is to try not to injure the root system. When a large amount of fertilizer is applied, the jasmine will increase the leaf mass, but there will be no flowering.
Jasmine pruning
This plant tolerates cutting off its strongly grown shoots very easily. The stems are pruned in early spring before the active growth phase of the jasmine begins. Shoots need to be reduced by almost half, this will help stimulate the growth of lateral stems. To extend the duration of the flowering period, it is necessary to pinch the tops of the shoots, only up to 6-8 leaves should remain on them.
Reproduction of jasmine in an apartment or office
Jasmine in conditions different from natural, propagates by cut cuttings or air grafts.
In order to prepare the cuttings for planting, the temperature is expected to rise to 20 degrees. For this, already adult shoots are suitable, which can remain after pruning, or you can use young branches. On the jasmine shoot, which will be selected for grafting, the number of nodes should be 3, the cut is made with a sharpened knife or blade. The length of the cutting should on average not be longer or shorter than 10-15 cm. The substrate is prepared on the basis of sand and crushed peat in equal proportions, you can use leaf soil and sand.
Jasmine cuttings can be treated with a growth stimulant and planted in the soil, since the plant is rather difficult to take root. Then you need to arrange the conditions for a mini-greenhouse, wrap the container with seedlings with a plastic bag or cover with a piece of glass. The temperature must be kept within 20 degrees. In order for the grafting to be successful, it will take about a month of time. When roots appear, the seedling can be transplanted into a larger pot, up to 7 cm in diameter. When the root system of a young plant has sufficiently mastered the soil in the pot, then the pot is changed to a larger one by transferring it.
To breed jasmine using stem layering, you need to choose a flatter branch and gently press it to the ground in a new pot, securing it with a wire in the ground or with a hairpin. The stem does not separate from the mother plant. The shoot, in the place where it will be pressed to the ground, is cut. The parent plant and the young plant try to moisturize and spray on a fairly regular basis. As soon as the roots appear at the allotted shoot, it can be separated from the adult jasmine.
Harmful insects and jasmine diseases
The main pests of natural jasmine are aphids, scale insects, spider mites, whiteflies and mealybugs. To combat these pests, modern insecticides are used.
If the jasmine is affected by a spider mite, then as a preventive measure, the humidity in the room can be raised by spraying the plant.
If the leaf plates begin to dry out and shrink rapidly, this means that the air in which the jasmine is located is too dry.
You will learn more about indoor jasmine, its types and transplantation from this video:
