What is the SPF index for sunscreens, what substances are included in such cosmetics, how to choose it correctly and the features of the selection of products for sun protection for different skin types. Sunscreen is a protective cosmetic product that protects the skin from harmful UVA and UVB radiation. It is necessary to choose such drugs based on the characteristics of the skin, according to the SPF factor. Sunscreen helps to avoid burns, early aging of the epidermis, and the development of cancer.
What is SPF sunscreen
Direct sunlight has an extremely negative effect on human skin. Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light is especially dangerous in the summer, when solar radiation is too strong.
Ultraviolet has three spectra - A, B, C. The most harmless rays are considered to be type A. They are responsible for an even chocolate tan. However, at the same time, A-rays have a destructive effect on the connective tissue and provoke an accelerated aging process of the skin.
B-radiation is a little more dangerous for humans. Beams of this type penetrate deep into the layers of the epidermis and activate the production of melanin. The latter is the pigment responsible for the tone of the skin and hair. Its main function is to protect the dermis from ultraviolet burns. Its amount is determined by the region of residence of a person and the climatic conditions surrounding him. The most dangerous C-rays for human skin. However, they rarely get to the surface of the Earth, thanks to the protective layer of ozone. Special cosmetic creams with SPF factors are designed to protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sun's rays of type A and B. The latter stands for Sun Protection Factor. This indicator determines the effectiveness of the product in terms of protecting the epidermis from the rays of the A and B spectrum.
SPF can range from 2 to 50 units, where 2 is the weakest level of skin protection. About 50% of ultraviolet rays are trapped by such a cream.
The most popular are sunscreens with an index in the range of 20-30. They are considered optimal for normal European skin types. At the same time, the figure 20, for example, indicates that your epidermis will be able to receive 20 times more solar radiation without damage than without this cream. In addition, the SPF level helps determine the safe amount of minutes to spend in direct sunlight. For example, if without the protection of the cream a person can get an ultraviolet burn in fifteen minutes, then thanks to a product with 10 SPF protection, he will spend 150 minutes under the sun, since cosmetics with a factor of 10 increase the safety time tenfold. After this time has elapsed, the product must be renewed on the skin.
The maximum degree of skin protection is guaranteed by products with SPF 50 and 50+. They retain about 98% of ultraviolet radiation. Be careful, these numbers are the limit for sunscreen cosmetics. If the package with the product has a higher SPF value, then this is either a fake or a marketing gimmick of the manufacturer. Most sunscreen cosmetics protect the skin mainly from type B radiation. As a rule, it does little to protect the epidermis from A-rays. This is justified by the fact that by applying such a remedy, a person will not be left without sunburn, but will only protect himself from burns and the appearance of pigmentation. However, in recent years, dermatologists insist that sunscreen cosmetics should also protect from the A-rays of the sun, so that exposure to direct ultraviolet rays does not provoke the development of the so-called "allergy to the sun's rays."Therefore, creams that protect against this type of radiation have also appeared on the market. However, this does not mean that it is impossible to tan with such funds. In this cosmetics, the ratio of protective components against A and B radiation is approximately 1: 3. Thus, you can both tan and protect your skin from harsh ultraviolet radiation.
Composition and components of sunscreen
Today, there are two main types of sunscreen cosmetics - with chemical and physical filters. The main difference between the two is that chemicals absorb ultraviolet light, while physical ones reflect it. Creams based on physical filters are called "sanskrins", chemical filters are called "sanblocks".
As a rule, chemical sunscreen compounds absorb type B rays, but recently there have been products that can eliminate the danger of A-radiation. Physical sunscreens have a broader protective spectrum. The main physical (mineral) filters are zinc oxide, iron oxide and titanium dioxide. These substances do not penetrate the subcutaneous layer and begin to act immediately after applying cosmetics. Particles of minerals refract and reflect the sun's rays like a mirror, preventing them from penetrating into the deep layers of the skin and damaging it. Zinc oxide is an inorganic compound that has a beneficial effect on the epidermis, prevents the formation of free radicals under the influence of the sun's rays. Titanium dioxide is a chalky mineral product that is highly reflective.
Physical filters are absolutely safe for humans. They do not affect blood composition, hormonal levels, and do not provoke the development of allergies and dermatitis. In recent years, manufacturers have started to produce creams with physical filters, the size of the protective particles of which is measured in nano units.
It is worth noting the main disadvantage of mineral sunscreen cosmetics - after its use, a whitish coating remains on the skin.
Sunscreen cosmetics based on chemical filters form a thin film on the skin, which allows the sun's rays to penetrate into the skin, but transform there into photoisomers. A special reaction takes place, and the energy of the photoisomers is released in long waves, which are harmless to the human epidermis. Chemical sunscreen cosmetics do not start to work immediately after application. She needs a certain time (usually about half an hour) in order to start transforming the sun's rays.
The role of chemical filters is performed by substances such as cinnamate, octoprylene, mexoryl, avobenzone, oxybenzone, benzophenone, parsol, camphor products and others.
Chemical sunscreens are the subject of controversy between dermatologists and scientists. It has been repeatedly proven that these substances can negatively affect the state of human health. First of all, they can act as allergens. In addition, these elements can provoke free radical processes in the epidermis or decay under the influence of sunlight.
There is evidence that chemical filters are absorbed by the skin and enter the bloodstream, affecting the endocrine system and hormones. For example, it has been proven that benzophenone can provoke female and male infertility. A filter such as oxybenzone has the most toxic effect. Octinoxate and homosalate have an average hazard level. Low toxicity is observed in avobenzone. Also in the composition of sunscreen cosmetics are antioxidants, for example, vitamins A, C, E, resveratol. They are not filters, but they help trap free radicals. In addition, minerals may additionally be included - calcium, zinc, various vegetable oils - coconut, almond, avocado, olives, wheat germ. All these components help to care for the skin, nourish it and promote regeneration. Thus, a beautiful and even tan is formed.
How to choose sunscreen
There are several factors to consider when choosing the right sunscreen cosmetics. It is fundamentally wrong to believe that the higher the SPF index, the more reliably your skin is protected. First, creams with a high SPF may be more likely to cause allergic reactions. Secondly, they are not suitable for frequent use, since under their influence the dermis will receive less of the ultraviolet radiation it needs and suffer from a lack of vitamin D. Consider the main criteria for choosing a suitable sunscreen:
- Determining the appropriate SPF … You should choose it based on your own phototype and latitude in which you plan to sunbathe. The most optimal index for Europeans is 30. It protects the dermis and allows you to get an even tan. Factors 50+ are advisable to use to protect the skin after peeling, burns, and allergic reactions. Also, such a cream can be used by people who quickly develop pigmentation.
- We study the composition of the cream for the presence of caring substances … Direct sunlight is a test for the skin. Therefore, it is important to select sunscreen products that not only protect the dermis, but also nourish it. Ideally, the sunburn cream contains panthenol, vegetable oil, extracts and soothing ingredients.
- We choose sunscreens only from trusted manufacturers … Many dubious companies that produce sunburn creams sin by overestimating the UV protection factor on the package. You need to buy goods from well-known brands that strictly control compliance with the declared real SPF level.
- Checking the product for allergens … If you are allergic, then you should definitely study the composition for the presence of substances that may cause you a negative reaction. Someone's allergies are provoked by mineral compounds that are part of the sunblocks, and someone has skin that is sensitive to the composition of the sunblocks.
- A good sunscreen should be waterproof … This is the most convenient option for a beach holiday. Of course, this does not mean that after bathing it will not have to be renewed, but in water it will also protect the skin from solar radiation for some time.
- The older the age, the higher the SPF index should be.… Mature and aging skin needs stronger protection from ultraviolet radiation, since over the years, the own protective functions of the epidermis decrease.
Sunscreen rating
Sunscreen cosmetics come in a variety of forms. This must be taken into account when choosing a product for different skin types and looks. In addition to the traditional form of cream, there are also lotions, milk, emulsions, oils, dry powders.
Which sunscreen to choose for dry epidermis
Dry and sensitive skin suffers more than other types of epidermis under the scorching rays of the sun. The composition of sunscreen cosmetics for such a dermis should include moisturizing components, for example, glycerin, aloe extract, and so on.
Drugs containing alcohol should be avoided. These are, as a rule, various gels and sprays. It is optimal if the composition contains plant extracts and extracts, oils. However, consider their allergenicity. For dry skin, sunburn oil and milk are best. As for vegetable oils, coconut, almonds, avocado, shea, peach pits, sesame seeds, wheat germ do a good job of sun protection. At the same time, orange and turmeric oils will strengthen the tan, preventing the formation of burns. You can also mix oils for dry skin - avocado, sesame, wheat germ, lavender.
The following sunscreens have proven to be effective for dry and sensitive skin:
- Avene Mineral Cream SPF50 … Has a high level of protection against ultraviolet radiation, contains mirroring minerals. The preparation evens out the skin and nourishes it. Possesses good moisture resistance.
- Clarins Creme Solaire Confort SPF20 … It has a dense texture that easily and softly lies on the skin and is quickly absorbed. After use, it forms a light oily film on the epidermis, which prevents dry skin from drying out under the influence of sunlight.
- La Roche-Posay Anthelios XL SPF50 … A drug developed by pharmacists and sold primarily in pharmacies. Dries quickly, has a non-greasy texture and is suitable for sensitive skin prone to breakouts and allergies.
- Nivea Sun Care SPF50 … A lotion that reliably protects dry skin from rays of type A and B. It is quickly absorbed by the epidermis and softens it, does not leave a sticky layer.
- Avon SPF50 … A chemical filter based product suitable for dry and aging skin. It contains vitamin E, which is an antioxidant. It has a delicate texture and is well absorbed.
Which sunscreen to choose for oily skin
The sun's rays provoke the sebaceous glands of the skin to work more actively. Therefore, exposure to the sun for owners of oily and problem skin can negatively affect the state of their epidermis. The task of sunscreen cosmetics for oily dermis is also to regulate the production of sebum. Do not choose products with mineral oils in the composition. Preparations with light chemical filters are optimal for such epidermis. Sprays and emulsions work well. They are easy to apply, absorb quickly and leave no shine. Also, cosmetics of this type do not clog in the pores and often include matting agents. If you do not know which sunscreen is best for oily epidermis, consider the following recommendations:
- Vichy ideal soleil … This lightweight veil spray is easy to apply. It is non-marking on skin and clothing and is free of parabens and alcohol. Perfectly protects the epidermis from rays of type A and B, hypoallergenic and waterproof.
- Vichy Capital Soleil SPF 50 … It is a creamy fluid with a light texture. It not only reliably protects the epidermis from the sun, but also mattifies the skin, does not leave an oily sheen. The composition includes alcohol, which slightly dries problem skin.
- Obagi Medical Sun Shield … A mattifying sunscreen from a range of professional cosmetics. Has a high protection factor - 50. Suitable for oily light skin.
- BurnOut Eco-Sensitive Sunscreen … A cosmetic product with a broad spectrum of action. Has SPF30, plastic texture. Helps fight the main problems of oily skin - acne, excessive shine, enlarged pores.
Best sunscreen for normal dermis
Most sunscreens, lotions, oils on the market are suitable for normal skin. When starting to sunbathe, choose cosmetics with a high SPF index. And when your skin is chocolatey, you can lower your sun protection factor.
Normal skin accepts both physical and chemical filters well. Choose the one that suits you best for the price.
Good recommendations for such products:
- Matis Reponse Soleil SPF20 … Soft cream with sun protection, refreshing and moisturizing function.
- Vichy Capital Soleil Velvety Cream Complexion Refining Action SPF50 … A relatively inexpensive but high quality sunscreen for any type of epidermis. Suitable for both young and mature skin.
- Sun Energy Panthenol Green … A gentle cream suitable for combination and sun-sensitive skin. It soothes the epidermis, moisturizes it and prevents it from drying out under the sun's rays.
- Oriental sun zone … Inexpensive universal product from the category of mass cosmetics. Protects the skin well, does not dry out and nourishes.
- Estee Lauder Cyber White Brilliant Cells Full Spectrum Brightening UV Protector SPF50 / PA … This luxury product can be used by people with skin prone to freckles and age spots.
Best face sunscreen
If you do not have pronounced problems with the skin of the face, then it is allowed to use the same sunscreen for both body and face. However, if you have too sensitive, oily, dry or pigmentation-prone skin on it, then it is recommended to buy a special sunscreen for your face.
It is desirable that the sun care cosmetics are of the same brand for the body and face. Consider a list of drugs that have received good reviews:
- Alba Botanica Very Emollient Mineral Sunscreen SPF30 … It is a lotion with a silky texture. The composition includes plant extracts and extracts - aloe, shea. It spreads well and absorbs without leaving a mark on the skin.
- Badger Company Tangerine and Vanilla Sunscreen SPF30 … Well suited for sensitive skin, contains herbal ingredients and minerals that reflect the rays of the sun. Has a wonderful citrus-vanilla aroma.
- MD Solar Sciences Mineral Creme Broad Spectrum Sunscreen SPF 50 … Ideal for facial skin as it absorbs quickly and leaves no residue. Oil-free, only reflective minerals, antioxidants and vitamins.
- Jason Sunbrellas Family Natural Sunblock SPF20 … Organic cream, hypoallergenic, suitable for all skin types. It contains extracts of grape seed, green tea, cucumber, aloe. Does not clog the pores of the face.
Sunscreen for children
Sunscreens for children are distinguished into a separate group of cosmetics. The baby must have its own medication to protect it from the sun's rays. It is strongly recommended to choose a sunscreen for the child with physical filters - minerals.
All creams for babies are designed to be used from six months. Until this age, it is necessary to protect the child from direct sunlight with clothing or a specially created shade. For children, sunscreen cosmetics with an SPF of 30 or more are optimal. However, you should not stop choosing a product with a factor of 50+. Remember, the stronger the protective properties, the more aggressive substances are in the composition of such a cream. Also, do not choose aerosols and sprays for babies, they can get into the lungs when spraying. Better to use cream or milk. Consider the rating of popular sunscreens for children:
- Alphanova Bebe … This is a natural cosmetics for babies, which is 99% natural ingredients and minerals. Safe and hypoallergenic.
- Babo Botanicals Clear Zinc Sunscreen SPF30 … Organic, fragrance-free and high in zinc. It has the best value for money according to various surveys and consumer ratings.
- BabyLine Baby Sun Protection Cream … The sun protection index of the cream is 35 units. Well softens and moisturizes baby skin. Does not contain preservatives, fragrances and dyes.
- Bubchen … Delicate and lightly scented cream of soft consistency. Suitable for the skin of babies of all ages. Creates a reliable protective film that does not wash off even during active games on the water.
How to choose sunscreen - watch the video:
The sun's rays can not only make the skin a delicate chocolate color, but also dry it, age it and even provoke the development of cancer. Therefore, it is imperative to protect the epidermis when sunbathing! In this case, it is necessary to choose a high-quality sunscreen suitable for the phototype.
