The need to disinfect wells. Popular means for disinfecting sources. Methods for cleaning the walls of the krynitsa and water. The sequence of work. Disinfection of water in a well is a set of measures to neutralize microorganisms dangerous to humans and animals. The procedure consists in the introduction of special preparations into the liquid that destroy the microflora. It is held in all krinitsa, regardless of their purpose. You can learn how to disinfect a well with your own hands from this article.
The need for disinfection of the well
The purpose of well disinfection is to destroy dangerous microorganisms, after which the natural taste of the water returns and the unpleasant odor disappears.
Groundwater supplies are constantly replenished after rain and melting snow and ice. Percolating through the microscopic gaps between the grains of rocks to a great depth, the water is purified of all contaminants and accumulates in the aquifers. However, the soil contains hundreds of microorganisms, most of which are harmless, but there are also dangerous ones that cause serious diseases. These include hepatitis, Escherichia coli, enteroviruses and others. During a flood, the soil is not able to absorb a large amount of liquid with dangerous impurities, and it can penetrate into the bottom through the walls. Most often, old wells with a depth of more than 10 m are contaminated in this way.
In addition, there are other reasons for source infection:
- Contamination from herbicides or industrial chemicals;
- Entry of corpses of animals and birds into the mine;
- The appearance of salt deposits, mold and mildew on the walls of the trunk;
- Contamination of the source with a large amount of debris.
In all cases, pathogenic microorganisms that can harm humans and domestic animals enter the water and rapidly multiply.
The choice of means for disinfecting wells
Disinfection of water is carried out using special means that neutralize pathogenic microorganisms, destroy the most dangerous formations and do not harm humans.
All substances for such operations must meet the following requirements:
- Possess antibacterial and disinfectant properties.
- Do not harm people and animals.
- Do not react with the material from which the well wall is made.
- Easy to remove from the surface of the mine.
Most of the substances used for cleaning contain chlorine, which effectively destroys many pathogens. Traditionally, bleach, calcium hypochlorite, "Whiteness", etc. are used for these purposes. The funds can be purchased at any hardware store and are inexpensive.
Less aggressive drugs are potassium permanganate and iodine. They are not as dangerous to humans as chlorine. Potassium permanganate is even left for a long time at the bottom of the well. However, this substance is now sold in pharmacies under strict control. Iodine has excellent antibacterial properties. The use of this solution is justified in emergency situations if there is no other way to clean it.
From professional products, products with a strict dosage of chlorine can be distinguished. These include pills. They have significant advantages: they have high efficiency, are convenient in operation, a short period during which the water will be completely purified, are completely safe for humans. Among the shortcomings, one can note their high cost.
Dosing cartridges can be used to disinfect the well. These are ceramic products containing chlorine and calcium hypochlorite. Available with different amounts of disinfectant, they can clean the water with different volumes of water.
The walls are sometimes treated with copper sulfate or a waterproof anti-corrosion compound.
How to disinfect a source
The disinfection process takes place in several stages. First, the well is cleaned of debris and various layers on the walls. After bringing the walls and the bottom to their normal state, water is disinfected. Only after completing the work in the complex, it is possible to return it to its natural state. All funds for such purposes have a different composition, so they have different instructions for use.
Preparing the well for disinfection
At the first stage, it is necessary to prepare a well for disinfection.
Perform the following operations:
- Clean up large floating debris. Use a long-handled landing net for this purpose.
- Pump out all the water with a pump.
- Inspect the bottom of the barrel for cracks or gaps. If found, seal them with waterproofing mortars. Do not use cement mortars to seal cracks, they will quickly wash out with water.
- Use a stiff brush and spatula to remove algae and silt from the walls.
- Remove deposits from the walls. Remove hydrochloric acid or vinegar. Cut corrosive with a grinder or knock down with a perforator.
- Remove the mold mechanically, and then cover the damaged area with a solution of copper sulfate.
- Remove dirt and deposits from the bottom.
- If there is a bottom filter, remove it and refill with a new one.
After doing rough work, you can start disinfecting the walls, and then the water.
Disinfection of a well with chlorine-containing agents
Consider the process of disinfecting the source with household chemicals that are sold in hardware stores. Very often, consumers choose bleach for the procedure.
First, you need to disinfect the walls:
- Pump out water from the well.
- Remove dirt from the walls mechanically.
- Make a 3% bleach solution for the wall. Prepare the solution at the rate of 0.5 l per 1 m2 mine surface. Wait for the thick particles to settle. Pour the upper transparent liquid into another dish, and use the thick one for work.
- Brush or mop the surface around which the fabric is wound.
- Flush the walls several times with clean liquid.
The second stage of disinfection of the source is water purification:
- Dissolve 20 g of 1% lime powder in 1 liter of clean cold water. Do not use hot water, as chlorine evaporates quickly and becomes very toxic. During the operation, adhere to the safety rules, make sure that the liquid does not get on the naked body, eyes.
- Prepare 3 containers of 200 ml. Fill them with water. Add 2 drops of lime mortar to one jar, 4 drops to the second, 6 drops to the third. Stir the contents of the jars and do not touch them for half an hour.
- Check the chlorine odor level in each can. For further use, choose a substance with a barely audible smell. If this is the first container, count the amount of lime for disinfection 1 m3 water: 10 drops are required per 1 liter of liquid, 10,000 per cubic meter. Considering that 1 ml consists of 25 drops, then for processing 1 m3 water will need 400 milliliters.
- Calculate the volume of liquid in the well and the amount of lime required to clean it.
- Pour the calculated amount of lime into a container and fill with water. Stir the contents until the lime is completely dissolved.
- Pour the substance into the well. Shake the water for 10 minutes using a long pole.
- Cover the head of the well with plastic wrap and tie it with a cord around the barrel.
- On top, lay an opaque canvas that will not let sunlight into the shaft. Natural light destroys chlorine and reduces the effectiveness of the procedure. Leave it like this for 6-10 hours in summer and 12-24 hours in winter.
- Peel off the tape and try to smell the chlorine. If it is completely absent, then the substance disintegrated during the preparation of the solution and it was not possible to purify the water. In this case, the procedure will have to be repeated.
- Pump out all the liquid from the well several times until the peculiar smell disappears.
It is convenient to use “Beliznaya” - a chlorine solution with a suitable concentration for disinfecting the krinitsa. It has been experimentally established that 1 liter of the agent is enough to disinfect 1 ring of water in a well. Pour the solution into the source and mix the liquid thoroughly. To clean the walls, apply "Whiteness" with a spray gun. It is necessary to work with this substance in a respirator in order to protect the respiratory system from a strong odor.
Water disinfection with chlorine-free preparations
Substances for disinfection of drinking wells, which do not contain chlorine, are gentle. These include magnesium and iodine.
Cleaning with potassium permanganate is performed in this way:
- Pour in 1 tbsp. a spoonful of potassium permanganate in a bucket of warm water and shake the contents until the product is completely dissolved. Do not pour the powder directly into the source. This can lead to unwanted chemical reactions and toxic heavy compounds.
- Pour the mixture into a well, stir and let sit for 1 hour.
- Also wipe the walls with a brush soaked in solution.
- Pump out the water completely from the bottom several times.
- After the last pumping out, leave a metal sieve with 3-5 grams of potassium permanganate at the bottom. The substance must be there constantly as a disinfectant and antibacterial agent.
To purify water with iodine, prepare the required amount of solution based on the proportions: 3 drops of iodine per 1 liter of liquid and 3-5 liters of solution per 1 reinforced concrete ring with water. Pour the product into water and mix everything. This measure will only disinfect the well for a short period of time.
The use of tablet preparations
Let's consider the procedure for using some drugs from this series - "Ecobriz", "Septolit", "Aquatabs". The work is necessarily carried out in a comprehensive manner, first the walls are processed, then the water.
To clean the walls of the well, "Ecobriz-Oxy" or "Septolit-DHTs" are used. Disinfect the water with such agents as "Aquatabs (8, 08)" or "Aquatabs (1, 67)".
The walls are processed as follows:
- Prepare the source for purification as described above.
- Prepare a plastic or enamel bucket of at least 10 liters. The cooking water should be at room temperature.
- The dosage of the wall disinfectant depends on the type of product. When using "Septolit-DHTs" you will need 4 piglets per 10 liters of water. To create a solution based on Ecobriz-Oxy, add 50 milliliters of the product to 10 liters of liquid.
- Use a brush or spray to flush the walls of the well with the resulting solution.
- After 30 minutes, rinse the shaft with clean water.
The dosage of the water purifier depends on the volume of the water column. 1 m3 liquid will need 25 tablets "Aquatabs (8, 08)" or 5 tablets "Aquatabs (1, 67)".
Prepare the solution, pour it into the source, mix everything thoroughly and leave for 3-12 hours. The head of the well should be covered with plastic wrap all this time. Pump out the water and make sure the chlorine odor has evaporated. Pump it out a few more times if necessary.
For preventive and emergency disinfection, it is recommended to use Dutrion tablets. The concentration of the drug that the manufacturer offers is safe for humans and animals. The consumption of the substance is 1 mg per 1 liter of water in the creek. It is more effective than chlorine. Dutrion destroys viruses that provoke dangerous diseases, fungi and biofilm on the walls. For preventive purposes, it is recommended to process the source once every 3 months.
In emergency cases, shock disinfection is used. It is also recommended to apply it every year after the spring flood. In this case, the concentration of Dutrion is 5 mg per 1 liter of water in the well.
The Dutrion disinfection procedure is very simple. Dissolve the required number of tablets, which depends on the volume of purified water and the purpose of disinfection. Pour the mixture into a well and mix thoroughly. If the operation is prophylactic, do not use water for 12 hours, for shock disinfection - 24 hours. After the specified period of time, the liquid can be used immediately if the operation is prophylactic, or it can be pumped out completely if the concentration of the substance is significant.
Post-treatment activities
For safety reasons, water quality must be checked in certified laboratories once a year, as well as after severe floods. Be sure to do bacterial testing regularly.
After finishing the disinfection of the water in the well, do the following:
- Submit fluid samples for examination to a laboratory to assess the quality of cleaning.
- Do not use well water to cook food during the day.
- Pass it through a filter or boil for 5-10 days.
- If you smell chlorine, pump the entire contents out of the well several times.
To clean as little as possible, do the following:
- Do water analyzes regularly.
- Make sure that the mine is always closed.
- Build the sewer system at a distance of at least 20 m.
- Thoroughly seal the walls of the shaft so that impurities and overhead water do not fall into the shaft.
- Use submersible pumps with remote injectors for water intake.
- Make sure that the sewage system on the site is in good condition. Its contents must not be leaked.
How to disinfect a well - watch the video:
Modern disinfectants allow you to quickly return water to its natural state, use it for cooking and other household needs. Disinfection of a drinking water well does not require special knowledge; the owner can carry out the operation without helpers.
